首先，你应该使用脚本扩展，它会下载文件并执行它。
在您的示例中，您只需编写powershell代码来执行脚本：

. .\script.ps1

你只需要走上正确的道路

遇到了类似的问题，我们的团队是这样解决这个问题的：

xRemoteFile DownloadHelloWorldScript
{
    DestinationPath = "c:\Temp\Hello-World.ps1"
    Uri = "https://<account>.blob.core.windows.net/public/Temp/Hello-World.ps1"
    MatchSource = $false
}

Script RunHelloWorldScript
{
    SetScript = { . "c:\Temp\Hello-World.ps1" }
    TestScript = { $false } 
    GetScript = { @{ Result = (Get-Content "c:\Temp\Hello-World.ps1") } }
    DependsOn = "[xRemoteFile]DownloadHelloWorldScript"
}

当我使用TestScript = { Test-Path "c:\Temp\Hello-World.ps1" }而不是{ $false }时，DSC会看到文件已经下载，并跳过脚本的运行，我想我最终会用一些检查来验证脚本先前是否成功运行的东西来代替它。

这对我很有效

Configuration Deploy
{
    Import-DscResource -ModuleName 'PSDesiredStateConfiguration'
    Import-Dscresource -ModuleName 'PowerShellModule' 
    Import-DscResource -ModuleName 'Az.Storage'

    Node 'localhost'
    {
       
    # SCRIPT RESOURCE TO DOWNLOAD FILE FROM STORAGE ACCOUNT
        Script DownloadFile{
         GetScript = {""}
         SetScript = {

            $staccname = "strdsctest234r"
            $dest = "C:\Temp"
            $SasToken= "sp=r3D"

            $Context = New-AzStorageContext -StorageAccountName $staccname -SasToken $SasToken
            $Context | Get-AzStorageBlob -Container "test"
            $blobs = Get-AzStorageBlob -Container "test"  -Context $Context

            # Download each blob from container into destination directory
            $blobs | Get-AzStorageBlobContent -Destination $dest -Force
         }
         TestScript = {$false}
      }}}

#Deploy -OutputPath C:\Temp\Deploy
#Start-DscConfiguration -path C:\Temp\Deploy -wait -Verbose -Force