总的想法就是你所概述的：读取每一行并决定是否写入输出文件

import csv

def keep_row(row):
    return row['role'] == 'student' and row['status'] == 'good'
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    data = []
    INFILE = 'infile.csv'
    OUTFILE = 'outfile.csv'
    
    with open(INFILE, 'r') as f:    
        reader = csv.DictReader(f)
        for row in reader:
            if keep_row(row):
                data.append({ 'points': row['score'], 'rank': row['result'] })
    
    with open(OUTFILE, 'w', newline='') as f:    
        writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=data[0].keys())
        writer.writeheader()
        for row in data:
            writer.writerow(row)

如果您希望参考文档：https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html