使用正则表达式进行模式匹配和替换。

Option Explicit

Sub ChgUser()

    Dim regex, f As String
    Set regex = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp")
    With regex
        .Global = True
        .MultiLine = False
        .IgnoreCase = True
        .Pattern = "(.*Users\\)([^\\]+)(\\OneDrive.*)"
    End With

    Dim cell As Range, n As Long, NewUser As String
    NewUser = Environ("username")

    For Each cell In Sheets("Sheet1").UsedRange
    
        f = cell.Formula2R1C1 '"C:\Users\username\OneDrive\"
        If regex.Test(f) Then
           f = regex.Replace(f, "$1" & NewUser & "$3")
           'Debug.Print cell.Address, f
           cell.Formula2R1C1 = f
           n = n + 1
        End If
        
    Next
    MsgBox n & " cells updated.", vbInformation
End Sub

更改OneDrive路径中的用户名

Sub ChangeUser()
    
    Dim wb As Workbook: Set wb = ThisWorkbook ' workbook containg this code
    Dim ws As Worksheet: Set ws = wb.Worksheets(1)
    Dim cell As Range: Set cell = ws.Range("L2")
    
    Dim CellString As String: CellString = cell.FormulaR1C1 ' .Formula
    
    Dim lp As Long: lp = InStr(1, CellString, "C:\Users\", vbTextCompare)
    Dim rp As Long
    rp = InStr(1, CellString, "OneDrive", vbTextCompare) + Len("OneDrive")
    
    Dim OldPath As String: OldPath = Mid(CellString, lp, rp - lp)
    
    MsgBox OldPath

    ' e.g.:
    Dim NewPath As String: NewPath = Environ("OneDrive")
    'ws.UsedRange.Replace OldPath, NewPath, xlPart
    
End Sub