这里有一个答案，以防将来有人遇到这个问题。
这里我们创建一个新的db $cloneName，它最终包含chinook模式的内容。
正如我的同事所发现的，诀窍似乎是使用schema和remap_schema：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

echo 'CREATE USER "$cloneName" IDENTIFIED BY p4ssw0rd DEFAULT TABLESPACE users TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp QUOTA 10M ON users;' | sqlplus sys/p4ssw0rd@localhost:1535 as sysdba

echo 'GRANT connect TO "$cloneName";' | sqlplus sys/p4ssw0rd@localhost:1535 as sysdba
echo 'GRANT resource TO "$cloneName";' | sqlplus sys/p4ssw0rd@localhost:1535 as sysdba
echo 'GRANT create session TO "$cloneName";' | sqlplus sys/p4ssw0rd@localhost:1535 as sysdba
echo 'GRANT create table TO "$cloneName";' | sqlplus sys/p4ssw0rd@localhost:1535 as sysdba
echo 'GRANT create view TO "$cloneName";' | sqlplus sys/p4ssw0rd@localhost:1535 as sysdba
echo 'GRANT read, write on directory chinook TO "$cloneName";' | sqlplus sys/p4ssw0rd@localhost:1535 as sysdba

expdp \'chinook/p4ssw0rd@localhost:1535\' schemas=chinook directory=chinook dumpfile=chinook.dmp exclude=statistics
impdp \'\"$cloneName\"/p4ssw0rd@localhost:1535\' remap_schema=chinook:\"$cloneName\" directory=chinook dumpfile=chinook.dmp transform=disable_archive_logging:y