您可以初始化一个空的layerGrooup，并在每次添加标记时将其存储在那里，当您添加一个新标记时，您可以清除markerGroup的图层。
此外，你不应该示例化你的Map两次，所以你只有一个Map引用。

class Map {
  constructor(map, lat_long) {
    this.map = map;
    this.lat_long = lat_long;
    this.markerLayer = L.layerGroup().addTo(this.map)
  },
 ...
 newMarker(latLng) {
    this.markerLayer.clearLayers();

    L.marker(latLng, {
      draggable: true
    }).addTo(this.markerLayer);

  }
}

x一个一个一个一个x一个一个二个x

添加图层（此状态标记）;prevState.标记.移除（这个.我的Map）;

import "leaflet.markercluster/dist/leaflet.markercluster-src";
import "leaflet.markercluster/dist/leaflet.markercluster";
import "leaflet.markercluster/dist/MarkerCluster.Default.css";
import "leaflet.markercluster/dist/MarkerCluster.css";
componentDidUpdate(prevProps, prevState) {
      // console.log(
      //     'componentDidUpdate',
      //     prevState.markers,
      //     this.state.markers
      // );
      if (
        prevState.markers !== undefined&&
        prevState.markers !== this.state.markers
      ) {
          // console.log('action=remove marker');
          prevState.markers.remove(this.mymap);
      }
    }

    markerCluster(markerClusterData){
      console.log('markerClusterData',markerClusterData)
      const greenIcon = new L.Icon({
        iconUrl:
            'https://cdn.rawgit.com/pointhi/leaflet-color-markers/master/img/marker-icon-2x-green.png',
        shadowUrl:
            'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/leaflet/0.7.7/images/marker-shadow.png',
        iconSize: [25, 41],
        iconAnchor: [12, 41],
        popupAnchor: [1, -34],
        shadowSize: [41, 41],
      });
      let markers = L.markerClusterGroup();
      for (let i = 0; i < markerClusterData.length; i++) {
        let addressPoint = markerClusterData[i];
        let title = `<b>${markerClusterData[i]}</b>`;
        let marker = L.marker(new L.LatLng(addressPoint[0], addressPoint[1]), {icon: greenIcon}).bindPopup(title);
        markers.addLayer(marker);
      };
      this.setState({'markers':markers},()=>this.mymap.addLayer(this.state.markers));
    }
<Button onClick={()=>this.markerCluster([[24.6949409651268, 121.313537600025]])}>Button1</Button>
<Button onClick={()=>this.markerCluster([[24.6949409651268, 121.313537600025],[24.6944257339445, 121.308595784335]])}>Button2</Button>