Windows 7，8和10应该附带一个小程序，可以做到这一点：displayswitch.exe. This page列出以下参数：

displayswitch.exe /internal  Disconnect projector (same as "Show only on 1" from the Display Properties dialog)
displayswitch.exe /clone     Duplicate screen
displayswitch.exe /extend    Extend screen
displayswitch.exe /external  Projector only (disconnect local) (same as "Show only on 2" from the Display Properties dialog)

对于所提出的问题的一键式解决方案，只需创建一个包含单行的 *. bat文件

call displayswitch.exe /extend

并将其保存到桌面。
在Windows 11 22 H2中，displayswitch.exe似乎不带参数，请参考this链接，建议使用Windows-10版本的displayswitch.exe副本，而不是内置版本。

我做了一个更干净的版本，不使用sendkeys。

public class DisplayHelper
{
    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    static extern DISP_CHANGE ChangeDisplaySettings(uint lpDevMode, uint dwflags);
    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    static extern bool EnumDisplayDevices(string lpDevice, uint iDevNum, ref DISPLAY_DEVICE lpDisplayDevice, uint dwFlags);

    enum DISP_CHANGE : int
    {
        Successful = 0,
        Restart = 1,
        Failed = -1,
        BadMode = -2,
        NotUpdated = -3,
        BadFlags = -4,
        BadParam = -5,
        BadDualView = -1
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)]
    struct DISPLAY_DEVICE
    {
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
        public int cb;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]
        public string DeviceName;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
        public string DeviceString;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)]
        public DisplayDeviceStateFlags StateFlags;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
        public string DeviceID;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
        public string DeviceKey;
    }

    [Flags()]
    enum DisplayDeviceStateFlags : int
    {
        /// <summary>The device is part of the desktop.</summary>
        AttachedToDesktop = 0x1,
        MultiDriver = 0x2,
        /// <summary>The device is part of the desktop.</summary>
        PrimaryDevice = 0x4,
        /// <summary>Represents a pseudo device used to mirror application drawing for remoting or other purposes.</summary>
        MirroringDriver = 0x8,
        /// <summary>The device is VGA compatible.</summary>
        VGACompatible = 0x16,
        /// <summary>The device is removable; it cannot be the primary display.</summary>
        Removable = 0x20,
        /// <summary>The device has more display modes than its output devices support.</summary>
        ModesPruned = 0x8000000,
        Remote = 0x4000000,
        Disconnect = 0x2000000
    }

    public static void EnableSecondaryDisplay()
    {
        var secondaryIndex = 1;
        var secondary = GetDisplayDevice(secondaryIndex);
        var id = secondary.DeviceKey.Split('\\')[7];

        using (var key = Registry.CurrentConfig.OpenSubKey(string.Format(@"System\CurrentControlSet\Control\VIDEO\{0}", id), true))
        {
            using (var subkey = key.CreateSubKey("000" + secondaryIndex))
            {
                subkey.SetValue("Attach.ToDesktop", 1, RegistryValueKind.DWord);
                subkey.SetValue("Attach.RelativeX", 1024, RegistryValueKind.DWord);
                subkey.SetValue("DefaultSettings.XResolution", 1024, RegistryValueKind.DWord);
                subkey.SetValue("DefaultSettings.YResolution", 768, RegistryValueKind.DWord);
                subkey.SetValue("DefaultSettings.BitsPerPel", 32, RegistryValueKind.DWord);
            }
        }

        ChangeDisplaySettings(0, 0);
    }

    private static DISPLAY_DEVICE GetDisplayDevice(int id)
    {
        var d = new DISPLAY_DEVICE();
        d.cb = Marshal.SizeOf(d);
        if (!EnumDisplayDevices(null, (uint)id, ref d, 0))
            throw new NotSupportedException("Could not find a monitor with id " + id);
        return d;
    }
}

我只在一台新安装的计算机上测试过这个。

这种操作不能直接从PowerShell访问，因为没有.NET接口到这些设置。许多核心操作系统的东西是非托管代码，只能通过win32 API调用进行操作。虽然您可能会使用WMI，但我搜索了一段时间，无法找到能够操作此设置的令人满意的WMI类。
下一步将是直接修改注册表。它看起来像设置位于HKLM：\system\CurrentControlSet\control\video-某处。我相信它是一个名为“Attach.ToDesktop”。
这是一个部分解决方案，所以我标记为社区维基答案。
我不确定这是正确的注册表项，我没有一个系统上，我可以测试多显示器的时刻.这是为了确定哪个是主控制器，然后它输出Attach.ToDesktop键的值.

param ( 
    $ControllerName = "$( throw 'ControllerName is a mandatory parameter' )"
)
$regPath = "HKLM:\system\CurrentControlSet\control\video"
$devDescStr = "Device Description"

Set-Location -path $regPath
$regSubKey = Get-ChildItem -recurse -include 0000
$devDescProperty = $regSubKey | Get-ItemProperty -name $devDescStr -erroraction SilentlyContinue 
$priDescProperty = $devDescProperty | Where-Object { $_.$devDescStr -match $ControllerName }
Set-Location -path $priDescProperty.PSPath
Get-ItemProperty -path . -name "Attach.ToDesktop"

第一个可能的解决方案是…通过GUI（但没有用户交互）
VB script（也是described here，但使用Autoit）：

Option Explicit
Dim WshShell, Dummy, Splash

On Error Resume Next

Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

'Main
Call DoIt
WScript.Quit

Sub DoIt
wshshell.Run("%systemroot%\system32\control.exe desk.cpl,@0,3")

' Give Display Properties time to load
WScript.Sleep 1000
WshShell.SendKeys "2"
WScript.Sleep 10
WshShell.SendKeys "%E"
WScript.Sleep 500
WshShell.SendKeys "%A"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{TAB}"
WshShell.SendKeys "{ENTER}"
End Sub 'DoIt

在Autoit中，这将是：

;
; — toggle-screen.au3
;

; exec cpanel app `display settings`
Run(”C:\WINDOWS\system32\control.exe desk.cpl,@0,3?”)

; wait for window to be active
WinWaitActive(”Display Settings”)

; select 2nd display
Send(”{TAB}”)
Send(”{DOWN}”)

; work back to the ‘extend desktop’ control
Send(”+{TAB}”)
Send(”+{TAB}”)
Send(”+{TAB}”)
Send(”+{TAB}”)
Send(”+{TAB}”)
Send(”+{TAB}”)
Send(”+{TAB}”)
Send(”+{TAB}”)
Send(”+{TAB}”)

; toggle ‘extend desktop’ control and apply
Send(”{SPACE}”)
Send(”{ENTER}”)

; wait for window to be active
WinWaitActive(”Display Settings”)

; accept
Send(”{TAB}”)
Send(”{ENTER}”)

;
; — E.O.F.
;

自动热键中的2行
第二个显示器打开：

RunWait C:\Windows\System32\DisplaySwitch.exe /extend

第二个显示关闭：

RunWait C:\Windows\System32\DisplaySwitch.exe /internal

#NoEnv  ; Recommended for performance and compatibility with future AutoHotkey releases.
; #Warn  ; Enable warnings to assist with detecting common errors.
SendMode Input  ; Recommended for new scripts due to its superior speed and reliability.
#Persistent 

Any1stKeyUWantToTurnOn::RunWait C:\Windows\System32\DisplaySwitch.exe /extend
Any2stKeyUWantToTurnOff::RunWait C:\Windows\System32\DisplaySwitch.exe /internal

或
你可以在github / BNK3R-Boy / DisplaySwitch上查看并试用我的工具。我现在就发布了它。

下面是另一个C#解决方案（通过how to set primary monitor for Windows-7, in C#）：

[Flags]
public enum SetDisplayConfigFlags : uint
{
    SDC_TOPOLOGY_INTERNAL = 0x00000001,
    SDC_TOPOLOGY_CLONE = 0x00000002,
    SDC_TOPOLOGY_EXTEND = 0x00000004,
    SDC_TOPOLOGY_EXTERNAL = 0x00000008,
    SDC_APPLY = 0x00000080
}

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
private static extern long SetDisplayConfig(uint numPathArrayElements,
    IntPtr pathArray, uint numModeArrayElements, IntPtr modeArray, SetDisplayConfigFlags flags);

static void CloneDisplays() {
    SetDisplayConfig(0, IntPtr.Zero, 0, IntPtr.Zero, SetDisplayConfigFlags.SDC_TOPOLOGY_CLONE | SetDisplayConfigFlags.SDC_APPLY);
}

static void ExtendDisplays() {
    SetDisplayConfig(0, IntPtr.Zero, 0, IntPtr.Zero, SetDisplayConfigFlags.SDC_TOPOLOGY_EXTEND | SetDisplayConfigFlags.SDC_APPLY);
}

static void ExternalDisplay() {
    SetDisplayConfig(0, IntPtr.Zero, 0, IntPtr.Zero, SetDisplayConfigFlags.SDC_TOPOLOGY_EXTERNAL | SetDisplayConfigFlags.SDC_APPLY);
}

static void InternalDisplay() {
    SetDisplayConfig(0, IntPtr.Zero, 0, IntPtr.Zero, SetDisplayConfigFlags.SDC_TOPOLOGY_INTERNAL | SetDisplayConfigFlags.SDC_APPLY);
}

这里是我的AutoIt脚本切换显示器，因为我的ATI显卡不允许我有3个显示器在同一时间活动。我有2个显示器连接和电视。这个脚本是做什么VonC的脚本，但在一个更有效和更快的方式。

Run("C:\WINDOWS\system32\control.exe desk.cpl", "C:\Windows\system32\")
WinWait("Screen Resolution")
ControlCommand("Screen Resolution", "", "ComboBox1", "SetCurrentSelection", "SAMSUNG")

if (ControlCommand("Screen Resolution", "", "ComboBox3", "GetCurrentSelection", "") = "Disconnect this display") Then
    ControlCommand("Screen Resolution", "", "ComboBox1", "SetCurrentSelection", "2")
    ControlCommand("Screen Resolution", "", "ComboBox3", "SetCurrentSelection", "3")
    ControlCommand("Screen Resolution", "", "ComboBox1", "SetCurrentSelection", "0")
    ControlCommand("Screen Resolution", "", "ComboBox3", "SetCurrentSelection", "1")
    ControlClick("Screen Resolution", "", "Button4")
    WinWait("Display Settings")
    ControlClick("Display Settings", "", "Button1")
Else
    ControlCommand("Screen Resolution", "", "ComboBox3", "SetCurrentSelection", "3")
    ControlCommand("Screen Resolution", "", "ComboBox1", "SetCurrentSelection", "2")
    ControlCommand("Screen Resolution", "", "ComboBox3", "SetCurrentSelection", "1")
    ControlClick("Screen Resolution", "", "Button4")
    WinWait("Display Settings")
    ControlClick("Display Settings", "", "Button1")
EndIf

只需将“SAMSUNG”替换为您的第三台显示器/电视的名称，您就可以设置好了！您肯定知道，您可以将其转换为可执行文件，即使没有安装AutoIt，也可以在任何机器上运行。

为了让VonC的脚本在我的机器上工作，我不得不做了一些小的修改，现在它更通用了。

;
; — toggle-screen2.au3
;

#include <WinAPI.au3>
; exec cpanel app `display settings`
Run(_WinAPI_ExpandEnvironmentStrings("%windir%") & "\system32\control.exe desk.cpl,@0,3?")

; wait for window to be active
WinWaitActive("Display Properties")

; select 2nd display
Send("!d")
Send("{DOWN}")

; toggle the ‘extend desktop’ checkbox
Send("!e")

; close the dialog
Send("{ENTER}")

Windows键+ P按钮将做同样的事情