我尝试在python numpy中执行以下代码：

def log_loss(X, y, w, b=0): '''
    Input:
        X: data matrix of shape nxd
        y: n-dimensional vector of labels (+1 or -1)
        w: d-dimensional vector
        b: scalar (optional, default is 0)
    Output:
        scalar
   '''
   assert np.sum(np.abs(y)) == len(y) # check if all labels in y are either +1 or -1 wt = w.T
   n,d = X.shape
   y_pred = np.zeros(n)

   # I want to somehow not use this for loop here

   for i in range(n): 
      y_pred[i] = np.log( sigmoid( y[i]*( wt@X[i]+b )))
   return np.negative(np.sum(y_pred))

#########################################

def sigmoid(z): '''
    Calculates the sigmoid of z.
    Input:
        z: scalar or array of dimension n
    Output:
        scalar or array of dimension n
   '''
   sig = 1/(1+np.exp(-z)) 
   return sig

我的问题是我如何才能更有效地做到这一点，而不使用紧循环？或使用更有效的解决方案？我认为我的解决方案忽略了使用numpy的要点。请提供建议。