最后，一个仅JPA的解决方案！

解决方案是使用提供的spring EntityManagerFactoryBuilder组件控制EntityManagerFactoryBeans的创建，并使用@PersistenceContext注解将EntityManager注入测试。

@SqlConfig(dataSource = TestDataSourceConfig.SCHEMA_DATA_SOURCE, transactionManager = SCHEMA_TRANSACTION_MANAGER, transactionMode = SqlConfig.TransactionMode.ISOLATED)
...
public class MyJUnitTest {
  @PersistenceContext(unitName = "pu")
  private EntityManager em;
  ...

  @Test
  @Sql(statements = {"SOME SQL USING THE PRIVILEGED SCHEMA CONNECTION"}, ...)
  public void myTest() {
    em.createQuery("...").getResultList() // uses the APP database user. 
  }
}

下面是两个数据源的配置。与应用程序相关的DataSource bean在其定义中都有@Primary，以消除任何@Autowired依赖项的歧义。除了通过@DataJpaTest类完成的自动休眠配置之外，不需要Hibernate特定的类。

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableConfigurationProperties(JpaProperties.class)
public class TestDataSourceConfig {

    public static final String SCHEMA_DATA_SOURCE = "schemaDS";
    public static final String SCHEMA_TRANSACTION_MANAGER = "schemaTM";
    public static final String SCHEMA_EMF = "schemaEMF";

    /*Main Datasource and supporting beans*/

    @Bean
    @Primary
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        return new DriverManagerDataSource();
    }

    @Bean @Primary @Autowired
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(EntityManagerFactory emf) { return new JpaTransactionManager(emf); }

    @Bean @Primary
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean emfBean(
            EntityManagerFactoryBuilder entityManagerFactoryBuilder,
            DataSource datasource,
            JpaProperties jpaProperties) {
        return entityManagerFactoryBuilder
                .dataSource(datasource)
                .jta(false)
                .packages(CourseOffering.class)
                .persistenceUnit("pu")
                .properties(jpaProperties.getProperties())
                .build();
    }

    @Bean(name = SCHEMA_EMF)
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean emfSchemaBean(
            EntityManagerFactoryBuilder entityManagerFactoryBuilder,
            @Qualifier(SCHEMA_DATA_SOURCE) DataSource schemaDataSource,
            JpaProperties jpaProperties) {
        return entityManagerFactoryBuilder
                .dataSource(schemaDataSource)
                .jta(false)
                .packages(CourseOffering.class)
                .persistenceUnit("spu")
                .properties(jpaProperties.getProperties())
                .build();
    }

    @Bean(name = SCHEMA_DATA_SOURCE)
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "myapp.datasource.test_schema")
    public DataSource schemaDataSource() { return new DriverManagerDataSource(); }

    @Bean(name = SCHEMA_TRANSACTION_MANAGER)
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManagerSchema(
            @Qualifier(SCHEMA_EMF) EntityManagerFactory emfSchemaBean) {
        JpaTransactionManager jpaTransactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
        jpaTransactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(emfSchemaBean);
        return jpaTransactionManager;
    }
}

• 实际测试类别：*

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) // required for all spring tests
@DataJpaTest(excludeAutoConfiguration = {TestDatabaseAutoConfiguration.class, DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class}) // this stops the default data source and database being configured.
@SqlConfig(dataSource = TestDataSourceConfig.SCHEMA_DATA_SOURCE, transactionManager = SCHEMA_TRANSACTION_MANAGER, transactionMode = SqlConfig.TransactionMode.ISOLATED) // make sure the @Sql statements are run using the SCHEMA datasource and txManager in an isolated way so as not to cause problems when running test methods requiring these statements to be run.
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.NONE, classes = {TestDataSourceConfig.class})
@TestExecutionListeners({ 
    SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener.class, // enables the @Sql script annotations to work.
    SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class, // injects spring components into the test (i.e. the EntityManager)
    TransactionalTestExecutionListener.class}) // I have this here even though the @Transactional annotations don't exist yet as I plan on using them in further tests.
public class NotificationTypeEnumTest {

    @PersistenceContext(unitName = "pu") // required to inject the correct EntityManager
    private EntityManager em;

    // these statements are 
    @Test
    @Sql(statements = {"INSERT INTO MYAPP_ENUM (ENUM_ID, \"TYPE\", \"VALUE\") VALUES (MYAPP_ENUM_ID_SEQ.nextval, '" + NotificationTypeEnum.DTYPE + "', 'foo')"}, executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_METHOD)
    @Sql(statements = {"DELETE FROM MYAPP_ENUM"}, executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.AFTER_TEST_METHOD)
    public void canFetchNotificationTypeEnum() throws Exception {
        TypedQuery<NotificationTypeEnum> query = em.createQuery("select a from NotificationTypeEnum a", NotificationTypeEnum.class); // notification type is just a subclass of the BaseEnum type
        NotificationTypeEnum result = query.getSingleResult();
        assertEquals("foo", result.getValue());
        assertEquals(NotificationTypeEnum.DTYPE, result.getConfigType());
    }
}

• 值得注意的类：*
• EntityManagerFactoryBuilder-我不喜欢工厂工厂，但这个工厂工厂很好地帮助我创建了EntityManagerFactory的正确实现，而不依赖于任何hibernate特定的类。可以注入@Autowired。构建器bean本身通过HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration类（扩展JpaBaseConfiguration）（由@DataJpaTest导入）进行配置。
• JpaProperties-用于在生成的entitymanagerfactories中维护application.properties配置。通过此配置类上面的@EnableConfigurationProperties(JpaProperties.class)注解启用。
• @PersistenceContext(unitName = "...")-我可以用这个注解在我的测试类中注入正确的EntityManager。

年份#2023-

org.springframework. Boot ：spring-boot-starter-test：jar：2.7.10：test
在我的应用程序中，已经有配置文件，但同样没有加载，导致上述错误。发现HikariConfig正在加载属性为value ie。并试图加载数据库驱动程序为${primary.datasources.abc.driverClassName} ie

配置文件

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories（
entityManagerFactoryRef =“preAlertEntityManagerFactory”，
transactionManagerRef =“preAlertTransactionManager”，
basePackages =“com.abc.repository”
）
@SuppressWarnings（value = {“unused”}）
public class Uncategorized {
@Value（“${主要.数据源.abc.驱动程序类名}”）
private String textName;
@Value（“${primary.datasources.abc.url}”）
public String url;
....

Junit测试文件****为上下文初始化所做的更改（如下所示）

@ActiveProfiles（profiles = {“integration”}）// application-integration.yml文件
@Sql（scripts = {“/dml/prealert.sql”}）
@SpringBootTest
@DirtiesContext**@ContextConfiguration（
初始化器= {ConfigDataApplicationContextInitializer.class}）**
class ABC class{
……
}