您可以使用setintersection：

terms = {'cake', 'biscuit'}

df['Column B'] = [bool(set(x)&terms) for x in df['meta']]

如果大小写无关紧要（例如'Biscuit'/'biscuit'），请使用str.lower（或str.casefold）将字符串小写：

df['Column B'] = [bool(set(map(str.lower, x))&terms) for x in df['meta']]

输出：

meta  Column B
0           [Home, grocery, cake]      True
1  [Home, grocery, Biscuit, Oreo]      True

将列表转换为集合，并在列表解析中使用set.isdisjoint，将列表的值转换为小写：

terms = ['cake', 'biscuit']
S = set(terms)

df['Column B'] = [not set(y.lower() for y in x).isdisjoint(S) for x in df['meta']]

df['Column B'] = [not set(map(str.lower, x)).isdisjoint(S) for x in df['meta']]
print (df)
                             meta  Column B
0           [Home, grocery, cake]      True
1  [Home, grocery, Biscuit, Oreo]      True

因为不匹配Biscuit：

df['Column B'] = [not set(x).isdisjoint(S) for x in df['meta']]
print (df)
                             meta  Column B
0           [Home, grocery, cake]      True
1  [Home, grocery, Biscuit, Oreo]     False