对于此示例数据，您可以使用聚合并在HAVING子句中设置条件：

SELECT RunNumber
FROM Items
GROUP BY RunNumber
HAVING MAX(CASE WHEN Name = 'Close' THEN Id END) < MAX(CASE WHEN Name = 'Open' THEN Id END);

或者，使用自联接：

SELECT i1.RunNumber
FROM Items i1 INNER JOIN Items i2
ON i1.RunNumber = i2.RunNumber AND i1.id < i2.id
WHERE i1.Name = 'Close' AND i2.Name = 'Open';

参见demo。

由于Close按字母顺序在Open之前，因此您可以使用row_number()为每个按RunNumber分组并按Name排序的记录给予行号：

with cte as (
  select *, row_number() over (partition by RunNumber order by id, Name) as rn
  from mytable
)
select *
from cte
where id = 1 and rn = 1 and Name = 'Close';

或者您可以使用order bycase when自己指定Close和Open的顺序：

with cte as (
  select *,
  row_number() over (partition by RunNumber order by case Name when 'Close' then 1 when 'Open' then 2 end, id) as rn
  from mytable
)
select *
from cte
where id = 1 and rn = 1 and Name = 'Close';

Demo here