您可以将ListBox的DrawMode属性设置为DrawMode.OwnerDrawFixed，这使您可以控制每个项目的整个图形表示。例如：

ListBox listBox = new ListBox();
listBox.DrawMode = DrawMode.OwnerDrawFixed;
listBox.DrawItem += new DrawItemEventHandler(listBox_DrawItem);

    void listBox_DrawItem(object sender, DrawItemEventArgs e)
    {
        ListBox list = (ListBox)sender;
        if (e.Index > -1)
        {
            object item = list.Items[e.Index];
            e.DrawBackground();
            e.DrawFocusRectangle();
            Brush brush = new SolidBrush(e.ForeColor);
            SizeF size = e.Graphics.MeasureString(item.ToString(), e.Font);
            e.Graphics.DrawString(item.ToString(), e.Font, brush, e.Bounds.Left + (e.Bounds.Width / 2 - size.Width / 2), e.Bounds.Top + (e.Bounds.Height / 2 - size.Height / 2)); 
        }
    }

在WPF中，您将使用Control.HorizontalContentAligment属性：

<ListBox Name="lstSample" 
         HorizontalContentAlignment="Center"
    <ListBoxItem>Item 1</ListBoxItem>
    <ListBoxItem>Item 2</ListBoxItem>
    <ListBoxItem>Item 3</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox>

在Windows窗体中，你必须通过处理DrawItem事件来自己绘制ListBox的内容。

使用TextFormatFlags flags = TextFormatFlags.HorizontalCenter | TextFormatFlags.VerticalCenter;

listBox1.DrawMode = DrawMode.OwnerDrawFixed;
listBox1.DrawItem += new DrawItemEventHandler(listBox1_OnDrawItem);

private void listBox1_OnDrawItem(object sender,DrawItemEventArgs e)
{
    TextFormatFlags flags = TextFormatFlags.HorizontalCenter | TextFormatFlags.VerticalCenter;
    if (e.Index >= 0)
    {
        e.DrawBackground();
        var textRect = e.Bounds;
        string itemText = DesignMode ? "Custom ListBox" : Items[e.Index].ToString();
        TextRenderer.DrawText(e.Graphics, itemText, e.Font, textRect, e.ForeColor, flags);
        e.DrawFocusRectangle();
    }
}