我有一个旧的CakePHP 3.8.13应用程序，我想升级到CakePHP 4。
目前这是在CakePHP 3 composer.json中。它部署在运行PHP 7.2的环境中。
我也在本地运行PHP 7.2，这是我试图执行升级的地方。

"require": {
        "php": ">=7.2",
        "cakephp/cakephp": "3.8.*",
        "cakephp/migrations": "^2.0.0",
        "cakephp/plugin-installer": "^1.0",
        "mobiledetect/mobiledetectlib": "2.*",
    },
    "require-dev": {
        "cakephp/bake": "^1.9.0",
        "cakephp/cakephp-codesniffer": "^3.0",
        "cakephp/debug_kit": "^3.17.0",
        "josegonzalez/dotenv": "3.*",
        "phpunit/phpunit": "^5|^6",
        "psy/psysh": "@stable"
    },

当我浏览Upgrade Guide时，它一直工作到最后一步。这是我到目前为止所做的。引用的部分来自上面链接的指南。
升级工具仅适用于运行在最新CakePHP 3.x上的应用程序。
改变了composer.json，所以它有这个，我相信这将得到最新的CakePHP 3.x

"require": {
    "cakephp/cakephp": "3.*",

然后是composer update。这可以正常工作，当检查vendor/cakephp/cakephp/VERSION.txt中的文件时，它确实从3.8.13转到了3.10.5
如果您运行的不是PHP 7.2或更高版本，则需要在更新CakePHP之前升级PHP。
我们正在运行PHP 7.2，所以这很好：

% php -v
PHP 7.2.34 (cli) (built: Jan 21 2023 06:18:05) ( NTS )

安装升级工具...
所有这些工作都没有错误：

git clone https://github.com/cakephp/upgrade
cd upgrade
git checkout 4.x
composer install --no-dev

使用升级工具。同样，这可以正常工作，并在我的应用程序目录中适当地更改文件位置：

# Rename locale files
bin/cake upgrade file_rename locales ../path/to/my/app

# Rename template files
bin/cake upgrade file_rename templates ../path/to/my/app

应用Rector重构...自动修复许多不推荐使用的CakePHP和PHPUnit方法调用。在升级依赖项之前应用rector很重要
这些命令工作正常：

bin/cake upgrade rector --rules phpunit80 ../path/to/my/app/tests
bin/cake upgrade rector --rules cakephp40 ../path/to/my/app/src

更新CakePHP依赖关系应用rector重构后，使用以下composer命令升级CakePHP和PHPUnit：
升级PHPUnit的第一个命令可以正常工作

composer require --dev --update-with-dependencies "phpunit/phpunit:^8.0"

失败：

AFAIK将CakePHP从3.x更新到4.x的下一个命令失败：

composer.phar require --update-with-dependencies "cakephp/cakephp:4.0.*"

输出为

Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.

  Problem 1
    - Root composer.json requires cakephp/cakephp 4.0.*, found cakephp/cakephp[4.0.0, ..., 4.0.10] but these were not loaded, likely because it conflicts with another require.
  Problem 2
    - cakephp/bake is locked to version 1.12.0 and an update of this package was not requested.
    - cakephp/bake 1.12.0 requires cakephp/cakephp ^3.8.0 -> found cakephp/cakephp[3.8.0, ..., 3.10.5] but it conflicts with your root composer.json require (4.0.*).
  Problem 3
    - cakephp/debug_kit is locked to version 3.23.0 and an update of this package was not requested.
    - cakephp/debug_kit 3.23.0 requires cakephp/cakephp ^3.7.0 -> found cakephp/cakephp[3.7.0, ..., 3.10.5] but it conflicts with your root composer.json require (4.0.*).

我不明白这一点，因为最后一个命令的目的肯定是把它从3.x更新到4.x。如果它是用--update-with-dependencies标志运行的，那么它不应该也更新依赖项吗？
看起来错误消息告诉我它不能安装4.x *，因为 * 像cakephp/bake和cakephp/debug_kit这样的依赖项。
为什么会发生这种情况，我该如何解决？
作为参考，composer.json在完成上述步骤后如下所示

"require": {
    "php": ">=7.2",
    "cakephp/cakephp": "3.*",
    "cakephp/migrations": "^2.0.0",
    "cakephp/plugin-installer": "^1.0",
    "mobiledetect/mobiledetectlib": "2.*",
},
"require-dev": {
    "cakephp/bake": "^1.9.0",
    "cakephp/cakephp-codesniffer": "^3.0",
    "cakephp/debug_kit": "^3.17.0",
    "josegonzalez/dotenv": "3.*",
    "phpunit/phpunit": "^8.0",
    "psy/psysh": "@stable"
},