uname -m

将返回arm64，而不是x86_64

if [[ $(uname -m) == 'arm64' ]]; then
  echo M1
fi

或者，就像@chepner建议的那样

uname -p

将返回arm，而不是i386

if [[ $(uname -p) == 'arm' ]]; then
  echo M1
fi

另一个工具是arch：

if [[ $(arch) == 'arm64' ]]; then
  echo M1
fi

我发现sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string报告了Apple M1，即使进程是在Rosetta下运行的。

更新：准备好Apple M1 Pro、Apple M2、Apple M2 Max等！

当使用原生shell（比如/bin/bash -i或/bin/zsh -i）时，Klas Mellbourn'sanswer可以按预期工作。
如果使用通过Intel/Rosetta Homebrew安装的shell，则uname -p返回i386，uname -m返回x86_64，如Datasun's注解所示。
为了获得跨环境（Apple Silicon Native，Rosetta Shell，Linux，Raspberry Pi 4s）工作的东西，我使用dorothy dotfile ecosystem中的以下内容：

is-mac && test "$(get-arch)" = 'a64'

如果你没有使用dorothy，dorothy的相关代码是：
https://github.com/bevry/dorothy/blob/1c747c0fa6bb3e6c18cdc9bae17ab66c0603d788/commands/is-mac

test "$(uname -s)" = "Darwin"

https://github.com/bevry/dorothy/blob/1c747c0fa6bb3e6c18cdc9bae17ab66c0603d788/commands/get-arch

arch="$(uname -m)"  # -i is only linux, -m is linux and apple
if [[ "$arch" = x86_64* ]]; then
    if [[ "$(uname -a)" = *ARM64* ]]; then
        echo 'a64'
    else
        echo 'x64'
    fi
elif [[ "$arch" = i*86 ]]; then
    echo 'x32'
elif [[ "$arch" = arm* ]]; then
    echo 'a32'
elif test "$arch" = aarch64; then
    echo 'a64'
else
    exit 1
fi

a duplicate question上的Jatin Mehrotra'sanswer详细介绍了如何获取特定的CPU而不是架构。在我的M1 Mac Mini上使用sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string输出Apple M1，但是在Raspberry Pi 4 Ubuntu服务器上输出以下内容：

> sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string
Command 'sysctl' is available in the following places
 * /sbin/sysctl
 * /usr/sbin/sysctl
The command could not be located because '/sbin:/usr/sbin' is not included in the PATH environment variable.
This is most likely caused by the lack of administrative privileges associated with your user account.
sysctl: command not found

> sudo sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/machdep/cpu/brand_string: No such file or directory