你可以尝试使用Ansible Provisioner复制你的文件。它要快得多。当我复制一个10 MB的文件时，文件Provisioner花了大约4分钟，但Ansible Provisioner只花了15秒。
封隔器文件：

source "azure-arm" "example" {
  use_azure_cli_auth                = true
  os_type                           = "Windows"
  communicator                      = "winrm"
  image_offer                       = "WindowsServer"
  image_publisher                   = "MicrosoftWindowsServer"
  image_sku                         = "2016-Datacenter"
  managed_image_name                = "image"
  managed_image_resource_group_name = "rg"
  location                          = "westeurope"
  vm_size                           = "Standard_D2_v2"

  winrm_insecure = true
  winrm_timeout  = "5m"
  winrm_use_ssl  = true
  winrm_username = "packer"
}

build {
  sources = ["sources.azure-arm.example"]

  provisioner "ansible" {
    playbook_file = "./copy.yml"
    extra_arguments = [
      "-e", "ansible_winrm_server_cert_validation=ignore",
      "-e", "ansible_winrm_transport=ntlm"
    ]
    user      = "packer"
    use_proxy = false
  }
}

Ansible playbook-copy.yml：

---
- name: Copy file to Windows host
  hosts: all

  tasks:
    - name: Copy file
      win_copy:
        src: ./10MB.bin
        dest: C:\10MB.bin