好吧，最后这很简单。
首先，我只是创建了一个列表，用于新工作表中的国家和代码的vlookup数组：

ABW Aruba
AFG Afghanistan
AGO Angola
AIA Anguilla
ALA Åland Islands
ALB Albania
AND Andorra
ARE United Arab Emirates
ARG Argentina
ARM Armenia
ASM American Samoa
ATA Antarctica
ATF French Southern Territories
ATG Antigua and Barbuda
AUS Australia
AUT Austria
AZE Azerbaijan
BDI Burundi
BEL Belgium
BEN Benin
BES Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
BFA Burkina Faso
BGD Bangladesh
BGR Bulgaria
BHR Bahrain
BHS Bahamas
BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina
BLM Saint Barthélemy
BLR Belarus
BLZ Belize
BMU Bermuda
BOL Bolivia, Plurinational State of
BRA Brazil
BRB Barbados
BRN Brunei Darussalam
BTN Bhutan
BVT Bouvet Island
BWA Botswana
CAF Central African Republic
CAN Canada
CCK Cocos (Keeling) Islands
CHE Switzerland
CHL Chile
CHN China
CIV Côte d'Ivoire
CMR Cameroon
COD Congo, the Democratic Republic of the
COG Congo
COK Cook Islands
COL Colombia
COM Comoros
CPV Cabo Verde
CRI Costa Rica
CUB Cuba
CUW Curaçao
CXR Christmas Island
CYM Cayman Islands
CYP Cyprus
CZE Czech Republic
DEU Germany
DJI Djibouti
DMA Dominica
DNK Denmark
DOM Dominican Republic
DZA Algeria
ECU Ecuador
EGY Egypt
ERI Eritrea
ESH Western Sahara
ESP Spain
EST Estonia
ETH Ethiopia
FIN Finland
FJI Fiji
FLK Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
FRA France
FRO Faroe Islands
FSM Micronesia, Federated States of
GAB Gabon
GBR United Kingdom
GEO Georgia
GGY Guernsey
GHA Ghana
GIB Gibraltar
GIN Guinea
GLP Guadeloupe
GMB Gambia
GNB Guinea-Bissau
GNQ Equatorial Guinea
GRC Greece
GRD Grenada
GRL Greenland
GTM Guatemala
GUF French Guiana
GUM Guam
GUY Guyana
HKG Hong Kong
HMD Heard Island and McDonald Islands
HND Honduras
HRV Croatia
HTI Haiti
HUN Hungary
IDN Indonesia
IMN Isle of Man
IND India
IOT British Indian Ocean Territory
IRL Ireland
IRN Iran, Islamic Republic of
IRQ Iraq
ISL Iceland
ISR Israel
ITA Italy
JAM Jamaica
JEY Jersey
JOR Jordan
JPN Japan
KAZ Kazakhstan
KEN Kenya
KGZ Kyrgyzstan
KHM Cambodia
KIR Kiribati
KNA Saint Kitts and Nevis
KOR Korea, Republic of
KWT Kuwait
LAO Lao People's Democratic Republic
LBN Lebanon
LBR Liberia
LBY Libya
LCA Saint Lucia
LIE Liechtenstein
LKA Sri Lanka
LSO Lesotho
LTU Lithuania
LUX Luxembourg
LVA Latvia
MAC Macao
MAF Saint Martin (French part)
MAR Morocco
MCO Monaco
MDA Moldova, Republic of
MDG Madagascar
MDV Maldives
MEX Mexico
MHL Marshall Islands
MKD Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of
MLI Mali
MLT Malta
MMR Myanmar
MNE Montenegro
MNG Mongolia
MNP Northern Mariana Islands
MOZ Mozambique
MRT Mauritania
MSR Montserrat
MTQ Martinique
MUS Mauritius
MWI Malawi
MYS Malaysia
MYT Mayotte
NAM Namibia
NCL New Caledonia
NER Niger
NFK Norfolk Island
NGA Nigeria
NIC Nicaragua
NIU Niue
NLD Netherlands
NOR Norway
NPL Nepal
NRU Nauru
NZL New Zealand
OMN Oman
PAK Pakistan
PAN Panama
PCN Pitcairn
PER Peru
PHL Philippines
PLW Palau
PNG Papua New Guinea
POL Poland
PRI Puerto Rico
PRK Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
PRT Portugal
PRY Paraguay
PSE Palestine, State of
PYF French Polynesia
QAT Qatar
REU Réunion
ROU Romania
RUS Russian Federation
RWA Rwanda
SAU Saudi Arabia
SDN Sudan
SEN Senegal
SGP Singapore
SGS South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
SHN Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
SJM Svalbard and Jan Mayen
SLB Solomon Islands
SLE Sierra Leone
SLV El Salvador
SMR San Marino
SOM Somalia
SPM Saint Pierre and Miquelon
SRB Serbia
SSD South Sudan
STP Sao Tome and Principe
SUR Suriname
SVK Slovakia
SVN Slovenia
SWE Sweden
SWZ Swaziland
SXM Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
SYC Seychelles
SYR Syrian Arab Republic
TCA Turks and Caicos Islands
TCD Chad
TGO Togo
THA Thailand
TJK Tajikistan
TKL Tokelau
TKM Turkmenistan
TLS Timor-Leste
TON Tonga
TTO Trinidad and Tobago
TUN Tunisia
TUR Turkey
TUV Tuvalu
TWN Taiwan, Province of China
TZA Tanzania, United Republic of
UGA Uganda
UKR Ukraine
UMI United States Minor Outlying Islands
URY Uruguay
USA United States of America
UZB Uzbekistan
VAT Holy See (Vatican City State)
VCT Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
VEN Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
VGB Virgin Islands, British
VIR Virgin Islands, U.S.
VNM Viet Nam
VUT Vanuatu
WLF Wallis and Futuna
WSM Samoa
YEM Yemen
ZAF South Africa
ZMB Zambia
ZWE Zimbabwe

并使用这个VLOOKUP公式

=VLOOKUP(B1,Sheet1!A:B,2)

其中B1是我希望查找的3个字母的代码，Sheet1!A:B是上面的列表，2是数组中我想要的值的列

编辑于2018-01-08：不幸的是，CountryConversion.com现在似乎已经死了。如果有人知道类似的网站，请分享。
CountryConversion.com工作得很好。它也有一堆其他转换的可能性。
1.将您的3字母代码列复制粘贴到最左侧的列中。
1.输入类型：选择“ISO 3166-1 alpha-3”。
1.输出类型：选择“名称”。
1.单击转换。
但是有几个小bug：

• 变音符号变得很时髦。因此，“科特迪瓦”和“圣多美和普林西比”显示为“科特迪瓦”和“圣多美和普林西比”。
• 不知何故，“FRA”和“NOR”（可能还有其他）无法转换并给予空白输出。

你可以通过VLOOKUP来实现。
尽管如此，上述答案已经解决了问题。我想提供相同的答案与2位数（阿尔法2）国家代码。
我已经写了一个详细的指南，其中包括阿尔法2和阿尔法3国家代码的完整列表沿着它们的名称，并解释了VLOOKUP的语法。
Source.