您可以从tidyr使用pivot_wider。
创建一个与您的数据集结构相同的数据集：

library(tidyr)
library(tibble)
library(dplyr)

df <- tibble(id = c(1,2,3,4,5,6), description = c('lalalala', 'blob', 'blob', 'foo', 'foo', 'lalalala'))

应用功能：

df %>%
  mutate(for_pivot = 1) %>% # creating a new column for your binary output
  pivot_wider(id_cols = 'id', names_from = 'description', values_from = 'for_pivot') %>% # pivoting
  mutate_all(coalesce, 0) # transforming all NA as 0