另一种解决方案（使用pd.wide_to_long）：

df.columns = [f'access_{c.split("_")[0]}' if "_access" in c else c for c in df.columns]

x = pd.wide_to_long(
    df, stubnames="access", suffix=r".*", i=["salesman"], j="direction", sep="_"
).reset_index()
print(x)

图纸：

salesman direction  access
0         A     north       1
1         B     north       0
2         C     north       1
3         A     south       0
4         B     south       1
5         C     south       0
6         A      east       0
7         B      east       1
8         C      east       1
9         A      west       1
10        B      west       1
11        C      west       1

您可以用途：

>>> (df.set_index('salesman').rename(columns=lambda x: x.split('_')[0])
       .rename_axis(columns='direction').stack().rename('access').reset_index())

   salesman direction  access
0         A     north       1
1         A     south       0
2         A      east       0
3         A      west       1
4         B     north       0
5         B     south       1
6         B      east       1
7         B      west       1
8         C     north       1
9         C     south       0
10        C      east       1
11        C      west       1

melt：

>>> (df.rename(columns=lambda x: x.split('_')[0])
       .melt('salesman', var_name='direction', value_name='access')
       .sort_values('salesman', kind='stable', ignore_index=True))

# OR

>>> (df.melt('salesman', var_name='direction', value_name='access')
       .sort_values('salesman', kind='stable', ignore_index=True)
       .assign(direction=lambda x: x['direction'].str.rstrip('_access')))

   salesman direction  access
0         A     north       1
1         A     south       0
2         A      east       0
3         A      west       1
4         B     north       0
5         B     south       1
6         B      east       1
7         B      west       1
8         C     north       1
9         C     south       0
10        C      east       1
11        C      west       1

一个选项是janitor.pivot_longer：

# pip install pyjanitor
import pandas as pd
import janitor

df.pivot_longer(index = 'salesman', 
                names_to = ('direction', '.value'), 
                names_sep = '_')
   salesman direction  access
0         A     north       1
1         B     north       0
2         C     north       1
3         A     south       0
4         B     south       1
5         C     south       0
6         A      east       0
7         B      east       1
8         C      east       1
9         A      west       1
10        B      west       1
11        C      west       1