返回代码不是 PowerShell 错误-它与任何其他变量的方式相同。
然后，您需要使用PowerShell对变量和throw错误进行操作，以便您的脚本将其视为终止错误：

$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"

& cmd.exe /c "exit 1"

if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "Exit code is $LASTEXITCODE" }

在我几乎所有的PowerShell脚本中，我更喜欢“快速失败”，所以我几乎总是有一个看起来像这样的小函数：

function Invoke-NativeCommand() {
    # A handy way to run a command, and automatically throw an error if the
    # exit code is non-zero.

    if ($args.Count -eq 0) {
        throw "Must supply some arguments."
    }

    $command = $args[0]
    $commandArgs = @()
    if ($args.Count -gt 1) {
        $commandArgs = $args[1..($args.Count - 1)]
    }

    & $command $commandArgs
    $result = $LASTEXITCODE

    if ($result -ne 0) {
        throw "$command $commandArgs exited with code $result."
    }
}

以你为例，我会这样做：

Invoke-NativeCommand cmd.exe /c "exit 1"

...这会给予我一个很好的PowerShell错误，看起来像：

cmd /c exit 1 exited with code 1.
At line:16 char:9
+         throw "$command $commandArgs exited with code $result."
+         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : OperationStopped: (cmd /c exit 1 exited with code 1.:String) [], RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : cmd /c exit 1 exited with code 1.

如果命令失败，可以在同一行代码中抛出错误：

& cmd.exe /c "exit 1"; if(!$?) { throw }

自动变量：$?