IIUC，您可以pad和packbits

def packbits(arr, bits_per_byte):
    arr = np.reshape(arr, (-1, bits_per_byte))
    arr = np.pad(arr, 
           pad_width=((0, 0), (8 - arr.shape[1], 0)))
    return np.packbits(arr, axis=1)

>>> bits = [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0]
>>> print(packbits(bits, 2)) 
[[1]
 [3]
 [0]
 [2]]

>>> print(packbits(bits, 4))
[[7]
 [2]]