您正在通过子文档字段的值（status）过滤bookdetails子文档，而不是过滤borrow_book文档。在borrow_book集合上使用运算符（$and）只会影响其查询结果，而不会影响子文档。
查询选择borrow_book集合中的所有文档，其中：

• member_id字段值等于books[0].member_id
• bookdetails数组至少有一个嵌入文档，其中包含值为false的字段status。

聚合管道可以做到这一点。
例如（“mongoose”：“^7.1.1”）

import mongoose from "mongoose";
import util from 'util';
import { config } from '../../config';

mongoose.set('debug', true);

const borrowBookSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
  member_id: {
    type: String,
    required: true,
  },
  bookdetails: [{
    bookid: String,
    status: Boolean
  }]
});
const BorrowBook = mongoose.model('borrow_book', borrowBookSchema);

(async function main() {
  try {
    await mongoose.connect(config.MONGODB_URI);

    // seed
    const books = await BorrowBook.create([
      {
        member_id: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId(), bookdetails: [
          { bookid: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId(), status: false },
          { bookid: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId(), status: false },
          { bookid: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId(), status: true }]
      },
      { member_id: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId(), bookdetails: [] }
    ])

    // option 1
    let response = await BorrowBook
      .aggregate()
      .match({ member_id: books[0].member_id })
      .unwind('$bookdetails')
      .match({ 'bookdetails.status': { $eq: false } })
      .group({
        _id: '$_id',
        member_id: { '$first': '$member_id' },
        bookdetails: {
          $push: {
            bookid: '$bookdetails.bookid',
            status: '$bookdetails.status',
            _id: '$bookdetails._id'
          }
        }
      })
      .exec();

    console.log(util.inspect(response, false, null))

   

  } catch (error) {
    console.error(error);
  } finally {
    await Promise.all(['borrow_books'].map(c => mongoose.connection.dropCollection(c)))
    await mongoose.connection.close()
  }
})();

选项二。

const response1 = await BorrowBook
  .aggregate()
  .match({ member_id: books[0].member_id })
  .project({
    member_id: 1,
    bookdetails: {
      $filter: {
        input: '$bookdetails',
        as: 'item',
        cond: { $eq: ['$$item.status', false] }
      }
    }
  })
  .exec()

输出：

[
  {
    _id: new ObjectId("646f51ef10de7b15bd59d23e"),
    member_id: '646f51ef10de7b15bd59d239',
    bookdetails: [
      {
        bookid: '646f51ef10de7b15bd59d23a',
        status: false,
        _id: new ObjectId("646f51ef10de7b15bd59d23f")
      },
      {
        bookid: '646f51ef10de7b15bd59d23b',
        status: false,
        _id: new ObjectId("646f51ef10de7b15bd59d240")
      }
    ]
  }
]