可以使用x509模块

var crt_pem = "<certificate in pem format which is content of your certificate.crt>";
const x509 = require('x509');
var crt_obj = x509.parseCert(crt_pem);
console.log(crt_obj.notBefore);
console.log(crt_obj.notAfter);

可以使用Node SSL Checker

$ npm install ssl-checker --save # npm i -s ssh-checker

代码中：

var sslChecker = require("ssl-checker")
sslChecker('example.com', 'GET', 443).then(result => console.info(result));

响应将如下所示：

{
"valid": true,
"days_remaining" : 90,
"valid_from" : "issue date",
"valid_to" : "expiry date"
}

您可以使用内置的crypto模块：

const { X509Certificate } = require('crypto');

const { validTo } = new X509Certificate(certificate);

这在v15.6及以后版本中可用。