您可以使用gt包来为表格单元格着色：

library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(gt)

df %>% 
  pivot_wider(names_from = "Predictor", values_from = "Importance") %>% 
  group_by(Taxa) %>% 
  gt() %>% 
  tab_options(row_group.as_column = TRUE) %>% 
  data_color(columns = c("Area", "Temp"), colors = c("red", "blue"))

与您提供的示例不太一样，但是使用ggplot，我们可以使用facet_wrap()来显示按Taxa进行的分组：

library(ggplot2)

df <- data.frame(
  Taxa = rep(c("Ants", "Birds"), each = 4),
  Predictor = rep(c("Area", "Temp"), times = 4),
  Method = rep(c(1, 1, 2, 2), times = 2),
  Importance = c(1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1)
)

ggplot(data = df, aes(
  x = as.character(Method),
  y = Predictor,
  fill = Importance
)) + geom_tile() +
  facet_wrap( ~ Taxa) + xlab("Method")