spring 如何设计一个好的JWT认证过滤器

1wnzp6jl  于 2023-06-21  发布在  Spring
关注(0)|答案(4)|浏览(91)

我是JWT的新手。网上没有太多的信息,因为我来这里是最后的手段。我已经开发了一个使用spring session的spring Boot 应用程序。现在,我们将从 Spring 会议转向JWT。我发现几个链接,现在我可以验证用户并生成令牌。现在困难的部分是,我想创建一个过滤器,它将验证每个请求到服务器,
1.过滤器将如何验证令牌?(只要验证签名就够了吗?))
1.如果其他人偷了令牌并进行了休息呼叫,我将如何验证。
1.如何在过滤器中绕过登录请求?因为它没有授权头。

f87krz0w

f87krz0w1#

这里有一个过滤器,可以做你需要的事情:

public class JWTFilter extends GenericFilterBean {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JWTFilter.class);

    private final TokenProvider tokenProvider;

    public JWTFilter(TokenProvider tokenProvider) {

        this.tokenProvider = tokenProvider;
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException,
        ServletException {

        try {
            HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
            String jwt = this.resolveToken(httpServletRequest);
            if (StringUtils.hasText(jwt)) {
                if (this.tokenProvider.validateToken(jwt)) {
                    Authentication authentication = this.tokenProvider.getAuthentication(jwt);
                    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
                }
            }
            filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);

            this.resetAuthenticationAfterRequest();
        } catch (ExpiredJwtException eje) {
            LOGGER.info("Security exception for user {} - {}", eje.getClaims().getSubject(), eje.getMessage());
            ((HttpServletResponse) servletResponse).setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
            LOGGER.debug("Exception " + eje.getMessage(), eje);
        }
    }

    private void resetAuthenticationAfterRequest() {
        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(null);
    }

    private String resolveToken(HttpServletRequest request) {

        String bearerToken = request.getHeader(SecurityConfiguration.AUTHORIZATION_HEADER);
        if (StringUtils.hasText(bearerToken) && bearerToken.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            String jwt = bearerToken.substring(7, bearerToken.length());
            return jwt;
        }
        return null;
    }
}

以及过滤器链中过滤器的包含:

public class SecurityConfiguration extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    public final static String AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = "Authorization";

    @Autowired
    private TokenProvider tokenProvider;

    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider;

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.authenticationProvider(this.authenticationProvider);
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {

        JWTFilter customFilter = new JWTFilter(this.tokenProvider);
        http.addFilterBefore(customFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);

        // @formatter:off
        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/css/**").permitAll()
        .antMatchers("/images/**").permitAll()
        .antMatchers("/js/**").permitAll()
        .antMatchers("/authenticate").permitAll()
        .anyRequest().fullyAuthenticated()
        .and().formLogin().loginPage("/login").failureUrl("/login?error").permitAll()
        .and().logout().permitAll();
        // @formatter:on
        http.csrf().disable();

    }
}

TokenProvider类:

public class TokenProvider {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TokenProvider.class);

    private static final String AUTHORITIES_KEY = "auth";

    @Value("${spring.security.authentication.jwt.validity}")
    private long tokenValidityInMilliSeconds;

    @Value("${spring.security.authentication.jwt.secret}")
    private String secretKey;

    public String createToken(Authentication authentication) {

        String authorities = authentication.getAuthorities().stream().map(authority -> authority.getAuthority()).collect(Collectors.joining(","));

        ZonedDateTime now = ZonedDateTime.now();
        ZonedDateTime expirationDateTime = now.plus(this.tokenValidityInMilliSeconds, ChronoUnit.MILLIS);

        Date issueDate = Date.from(now.toInstant());
        Date expirationDate = Date.from(expirationDateTime.toInstant());

        return Jwts.builder().setSubject(authentication.getName()).claim(AUTHORITIES_KEY, authorities)
                    .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, this.secretKey).setIssuedAt(issueDate).setExpiration(expirationDate).compact();
    }

    public Authentication getAuthentication(String token) {

        Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(this.secretKey).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();

        Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = Arrays.asList(claims.get(AUTHORITIES_KEY).toString().split(",")).stream()
                    .map(authority -> new SimpleGrantedAuthority(authority)).collect(Collectors.toList());

        User principal = new User(claims.getSubject(), "", authorities);

        return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, "", authorities);
    }

    public boolean validateToken(String authToken) {

        try {
            Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(this.secretKey).parseClaimsJws(authToken);
            return true;
        } catch (SignatureException e) {
            LOGGER.info("Invalid JWT signature: " + e.getMessage());
            LOGGER.debug("Exception " + e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
    }
}

现在回答你的问题:
1.在此过滤器中完成
1.保护您的HTTP请求,使用HTTPS
1.只允许/login URI上的所有内容(在我的代码中为/authenticate

rekjcdws

rekjcdws2#

我将集中讨论JWT的一般技巧,而不讨论代码实现(参见其他答案)
过滤器将如何验证令牌?(只要验证签名就够了吗?))
RFC 7519规定了如何验证JWT(参见7.2.验证一个JWT),基本上是一个语法验证和签名验证
如果在身份验证流中使用JWT,我们可以查看OpenID连接规范3.1.3.4 ID Token Validation提出的验证。总结:

  • iss包含颁发者标识符(如果使用oauth,则aud包含client_id
  • iatexp之间的当前时间
  • 使用密钥验证令牌的签名
  • sub标识有效用户

如果其他人偷了令牌并进行了休息呼叫,我将如何验证。
拥有JWT是身份验证的证明。窃取令牌的攻击者可以模拟用户。因此,请确保令牌安全

  • 使用TLS加密通信通道****
  • 为您的令牌使用安全存储。如果使用Web前端,请考虑添加额外的安全措施,以保护localStorage/cookie免受XSS或CSRF攻击
  • 在身份验证令牌上设置短过期时间,如果令牌过期,则需要凭据

如何在过滤器中绕过登录请求?因为它没有授权头。
登录表单不需要JWT令牌,因为您将验证用户凭证。将窗体保留在筛选器的范围之外。在成功验证后发出JWT,并将验证过滤器应用于其余服务
那么过滤器应该拦截除登录表单外的所有请求,并检查:
1.如果用户已通过身份验证?如果不抛出401-Unauthorized
1.用户是否有权请求资源?如果不抛出403-Forbidden
1.允许进入。将用户数据放在请求的上下文中(例如使用ThreadLocal)

nfg76nw0

nfg76nw03#

看看this项目,它实现得非常好,并且有所需的文档。

1.在上面的项目中,这是唯一需要验证令牌的东西,这就足够了。其中token是请求报头中Bearer的值。

try {
    final Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey("secretkey")
        .parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
    request.setAttribute("claims", claims);
}
catch (final SignatureException e) {
    throw new ServletException("Invalid token.");
}

2.窃取令牌并不容易,但根据我的经验,您可以通过为每次成功登录手动创建Spring会话来保护自己。还将会话唯一ID和Bearer值(令牌)Map到Map中(例如,使用API范围创建Bean)。

@Component
public class SessionMapBean {
    private Map<String, String> jwtSessionMap;
    private Map<String, Boolean> sessionsForInvalidation;
    public SessionMapBean() {
        this.jwtSessionMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
        this.sessionsForInvalidation = new HashMap<String, Boolean>();
    }
    public Map<String, String> getJwtSessionMap() {
        return jwtSessionMap;
    }
    public void setJwtSessionMap(Map<String, String> jwtSessionMap) {
        this.jwtSessionMap = jwtSessionMap;
    }
    public Map<String, Boolean> getSessionsForInvalidation() {
        return sessionsForInvalidation;
    }
    public void setSessionsForInvalidation(Map<String, Boolean> sessionsForInvalidation) {
        this.sessionsForInvalidation = sessionsForInvalidation;
    }
}

SessionMapBean将可用于所有会话。现在,对于每个请求,您不仅要验证令牌,还要检查他是否计算会话(检查请求会话ID是否与存储在SessionMapBean中的会话ID匹配)。当然,会话ID也可能被盗,因此您需要保护通信。最常见的窃取会话ID的方式有Session Sniffing(或者中间人)和跨站脚本攻击。我不会去更多的细节,你可以阅读如何保护自己免受这种攻击。

**3.**你可以在我链接的项目中看到它。最简单的是,过滤器将验证所有/api/*,例如,您将登录到/user/login

hxzsmxv2

hxzsmxv24#

我使用了一种简单的方法来处理RequestFilter中的JWT异常。

RequestFiler.java

@Component
public class RequestFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    @Autowired
    private JwtTokenUtil jwtUtil;

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response, final FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        final String token = getAccessToken(request);
        JwtTokenValidity tokenValidity = jwtUtil.validateAccessToken(token);
        
        if (tokenValidity.isValid()) {
            setAuthenticationContext(token, request);
            filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
        } else {
            setUnauthorizedResponse(response, tokenValidity.getMessage());
        }
    }

    private void setUnauthorizedResponse(HttpServletResponse response, String reason) {
        try {
            response.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
            response.getWriter().write(JsonUtils.toJson(ApiResponse.generateErrorResponse(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED, reason)));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error(String.format(e.getMessage()));
        }
}

JwtUtils.java

@Component
public class JwtTokenUtil {
    
    public JwtTokenValidity validateAccessToken(final String token) {
        try {
            Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(SECRET_KEY).parseClaimsJws(token);
            logger.info(String.format("Token is valid/verified."));
            return new JwtTokenValidity(true, "Token is valid/verified.");
        } catch (ExpiredJwtException ex) {
            logger.error("JWT expired.", ex.getMessage());
            return new JwtTokenValidity(false, "Token is expired.");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            logger.error("Token is null, empty or only whitespace.", ex.getMessage());
            return new JwtTokenValidity(false, "Token is null, empty or only whitespace.");
        } catch (MalformedJwtException ex) {
            logger.error("Token is invalid.", ex);
            return new JwtTokenValidity(false, "Token is invalid.");
        } catch (UnsupportedJwtException ex) {
            logger.error("JWT is not supported.", ex);
            return new JwtTokenValidity(false, "JWT is not supported.");
        } catch (SignatureException ex) {
            logger.error("Signature validation failed.");
            return new JwtTokenValidity(false, "JWT Signature validation failed.");
        }
    }
    
    public static class JwtTokenValidity {
    
    private boolean isValid;
    private String message;
    
    public JwtTokenValidity(boolean isValid, String message) {
        this.isValid = isValid;
        this.message = message;
    }
    
    public boolean isValid() {
        return isValid;
    }
    public void setValid(boolean isValid) {
        this.isValid = isValid;
    }
    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}
}

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