使用PRAGMA函数与SQLite - PRAGMA schema.table_info（table-name）;

String jdbc = "jdbc:sqlite:your_database.db";
  String tableName = "data_table";
  String columnName = "d";

  try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl);
       Statement statement = conn.createStatement()) {

      // Check that column exists
      ResultSet columns = statement.executeQuery("PRAGMA table_info(" + tableName + ")");
      boolean columnExists = false;
      while (columns.next()) {
          if (columns.getString("name").equalsIgnoreCase(columnName)) {
              columnExists = true;
              break;
          }
      }

      String query;
      if (columnExists) {
          query = "SELECT a, b, c, d FROM " + tableName;
      } else {
          query = "SELECT a, b, c FROM " + tableName;
      }

      ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery(query);