没有办法定义这样的类型。GitHub上有一个proposal来支持这一点，但它目前似乎不是优先级。对它进行投票，也许团队可能会在未来的版本中包含它。

编辑

从Python 4.1开始，你可以定义一个类型来验证字符串，而不需要定义所有的选项：

type MarkerTime =`${number| ''}${number}:${number}${number}`

let a: MarkerTime = "0-00" // error
let b: MarkerTime = "0:00" // ok
let c: MarkerTime = "09:00" // ok

Playground链接

在正则表达式类型可用于该语言之前，您现在可以在TS 4.1中使用template literal types。
让我参考问题示例并说明如何建模称为Time的时间限制string类型。Time需要hh:mm的字符串（例如"23:59"），此处为简化。

第一步：定义HH和MM类型

将以下代码粘贴到浏览器Web控制台：

Array.from({length:24},(v,i)=> i).reduce((acc,cur)=> `${acc}${cur === 0 ? "" : "|"}'${String(cur).padStart(2, 0)}'`, "type HH = ")
Array.from({length:60},(v,i)=> i).reduce((acc,cur)=> `${acc}${cur === 0 ? "" : "|"}'${String(cur).padStart(2, 0)}'`, "type MM = ")

生成的结果，我们可以在TS中使用：

type HH = '00'|'01'|'02'|'03'|'04'|'05'|'06'|'07'|...|'22'|'23'
type MM = '00'|'01'|'02'|'03'|'04'|'05'|'06'|'07'|...|'58'|'59'

第二步：声明Time

type Time = `${HH}:${MM}`

就这么简单

第三步：测试

const validTimes: Time[] = ["00:00","01:30", "23:59", "16:30"]
const invalidTimes: Time[] = ["30:00", "23:60", "0:61"] // all emit error

下面是一个使用Time的实时代码示例。

type D1 = 0|1;
type D3 = D1|2|3;
type D5 = D3|4|5;
type D9 = D5|6|7|8|9;

type Hours = `${D9}` | `${D1}${D9}` | `2${D3}`;
type Minutes = `${D5}${D9}`;
type Time = `${Hours}:${Minutes}`;

紧凑的解决方案，汇集了来自@bela53和@yoel halb的想法。
此解决方案有2039个Time类型的枚举成员。
TSPlayground

基于@bela53的答案，但更简单，我们可以做一个非常简单的解决方案，类似于@Titian，但没有缺点：

type HourPrefix = '0'|'1'|'2';
type MinutePrefix = HourPrefix | '3'|'4'|'5';
type Digit = MinutePrefix |'6'|'7'|'8'|'9';

type Time = `${HourPrefix | ''}${Digit}:${MinutePrefix}${Digit}`

const validTimes: Time[] = ["00:00","01:30", "23:59", "16:30"]
const invalidTimes: Time[] = ["30:00", "23:60", "0:61"] // all emit error

警告：TypeScript可以用@bela53方法处理的内容有限制...
基于@bela53的回答，我尝试了以下类型定义的IPv4地址导致"TS2590: Expression produces a union type that is too complex to represent."这个定义导致IntelliJ消耗了大量的CPU时间，当我忽略TypeScript错误并试图构建它仍然有效的前提下（我最终需要杀死并重新启动IntelliJ）。

type segment = '0'|'1'|'2'|'3'|'4'|'5'|'6'|'7'|'8'|'9'|'10'|'11'|'12'|'13'|'14'|'15'|'16'|'17'|'18'|'19'|'20'|'21'|'22'|'23'|'24'|'25'|'26'|'27'|'28'|'29'|'30'|'31'|'32'|'33'|'34'|'35'|'36'|'37'|'38'|'39'|'40'|'41'|'42'|'43'|'44'|'45'|'46'|'47'|'48'|'49'|'50'|'51'|'52'|'53'|'54'|'55'|'56'|'57'|'58'|'59'|'60'|'61'|'62'|'63'|'64'|'65'|'66'|'67'|'68'|'69'|'70'|'71'|'72'|'73'|'74'|'75'|'76'|'77'|'78'|'79'|'80'|'81'|'82'|'83'|'84'|'85'|'86'|'87'|'88'|'89'|'90'|'91'|'92'|'93'|'94'|'95'|'96'|'97'|'98'|'99'|'100'|'101'|'102'|'103'|'104'|'105'|'106'|'107'|'108'|'109'|'110'|'111'|'112'|'113'|'114'|'115'|'116'|'117'|'118'|'119'|'120'|'121'|'122'|'123'|'124'|'125'|'126'|'127'|'128'|'129'|'130'|'131'|'132'|'133'|'134'|'135'|'136'|'137'|'138'|'139'|'140'|'141'|'142'|'143'|'144'|'145'|'146'|'147'|'148'|'149'|'150'|'151'|'152'|'153'|'154'|'155'|'156'|'157'|'158'|'159'|'160'|'161'|'162'|'163'|'164'|'165'|'166'|'167'|'168'|'169'|'170'|'171'|'172'|'173'|'174'|'175'|'176'|'177'|'178'|'179'|'180'|'181'|'182'|'183'|'184'|'185'|'186'|'187'|'188'|'189'|'190'|'191'|'192'|'193'|'194'|'195'|'196'|'197'|'198'|'199'|'200'|'201'|'202'|'203'|'204'|'205'|'206'|'207'|'208'|'209'|'210'|'211'|'212'|'213'|'214'|'215'|'216'|'217'|'218'|'219'|'220'|'221'|'222'|'223'|'224'|'225'|'226'|'227'|'228'|'229'|'230'|'231'|'232'|'233'|'234'|'235'|'236'|'237'|'238'|'239'|'240'|'241'|'242'|'243'|'244'|'245'|'246'|'247'|'248'|'249'|'250'|'251'|'252'|'253'|'254'|'255';
export type ipAddress = `${segment}.${segment}.${segment}.${segment}`;

我不确定是否有任何解决方法。

MySQL日期时间字符串

我试图创建一个类型，以反映MySQL日期时间字符串值，即“2022-07-31 23：11：54”。
有趣的是，您目前几乎可以做到这一点，但如果您添加任何更多的特异性，它将最终要么是任何或抱怨它不能添加更多的输入。我认为它可以创建的打字数量是有限的？

type OneToNine = 1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9
type ZeroToNine = 0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9

export type DateTimeType = `${
  `${number}`
}-${
  `0${OneToNine}` | `1${0|1|2}`
}-${
  `0${OneToNine}` | `1${ZeroToNine}` | `2${ZeroToNine}` | `3${0|1}`
} ${
  `0${OneToNine}` | `1${0|OneToNine}` | `2${0|1|2|3}`
}:${number}:${number}`

我现在也在找类似的功能！
最后我想到了这个：难道不可能通过设置一个更复杂的开发环境来运行它吗？也许您可以使用文件监视器来触发tsc并查找TypeError事件来更新 *d.ts文件。
我的意思是：

export type superRegexType = 'type-1' | 'type-2' | '/type-/';

作为一个钩子（基本的建议）：

const onTypeError = (err: Error, nameOfTypeSuperRegexType: string) => {
  const myTypesFile = require('fs').readFileSync(`path/to/\*d.ts`) as string;
  const searchFor = `export type ${nameOfTypeSuperRegexType} =`;
  const getDefinition = (inMyTypesFile: string, searchFor: string) => {
    const typeDefinitionString = inMyTypesFile.split(searchFor)[0].split(';')[0] + ';';
    const stringsInThere = typeDefinitionString.split(' | ').map(_str => _str.trim());
    const myRegexStr = stringsInThere.pop();
    return {
      oldTypeDefinitionString: typeDefinitionString,
      stringsInThere,
      myRegexStr,
      myRegex: new RegExp(myRegexStr)
    };
  };
  const myTypeDefinition = getDefinition(myTypesFile, searchFor);

  const shouldDynamicallyAddType = myTypeDefinition.myRegex.exec(err.message);
  if (!shouldDynamicallyAddType) {
    console.log("this is a real TypeError");
    console.error(err);
    return;
  } else {
    const indexInErrMessage = shouldDynamicallyAddType.index;
    const _endIdx = err.message.indexOf('\'');
    const typeToAdd = err.message.slice(indexInErrMessage, _endIdx).trim();
    myTypeDefinition.stringsInThere.push(typeToAdd);
    const updatedTypeDefinitionString = `${searchFor} ${myTypeDefinition.stringsInThere.join(' | ')} ${myTypeDefinition.myRegexStr};`;
    myTypesFile.replace(myTypeDefinition.oldTypeDefinitionString, updatedTypeDefinitionString);
    // --> save that new d.ts and return hopefully watch the lint-error disappearing
  }
}

也许这种解决方案可以让您在编译时根据RegEx动态添加类型。
你觉得呢？

为了补充@bela53的答案，const assertions可以用于类型构造。

const hours = [
  '00' , '01', '02', '03', '04', '05', '06', '07', '08',
  '09' , '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', 
  '17' , '18', '19', '20', '21', '22', '23'
] as const

type HH = typeof hours[number]

const minutes = [
  '00', '01', '02', '03', '04', '05', '06', '07', '08', '09', 
  '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', '17', '18', '19', 
  '20', '21', '22', '23', '24', '25', '26', '27', '28', '29', 
  '30', '31', '32', '33', '34', '35', '36', '37', '38', '39', 
  '40', '41', '42', '43', '44', '45', '46', '47', '48', '49', 
  '50', '51', '52', '53', '54', '55', '56', '57', '58', '59'
] as const 

type MM = typeof minutes[number]

type Time = `${HH}:${MM}`

我的两分钱

type digit01 = '0' | '1';
type digit03 = digit01 | '2' | '3';
type digit05 = digit03 | '4' | '5';
type digit09 = digit05 | '6' | '7' | '8' | '9';

type minutes = `${digit05}${digit09}`;
type hour = `${digit01 | ''}${digit09}` | `2${digit03}`;

type MarkerTime = `${hour}:${minutes}`;

const ok: Record<string, MarkerTime> = {
  a: '0:00',
  b: '09:00',
  c: '23:59',
};

const notOk: Record<string, MarkerTime> = {
  a: '0-00',
  b: '24:00',
  c: '93.242:942.23',
};