您正在查找SQLAlchemy连接池上的连接事件处理程序，以便可以设置DBAPI连接对象的timeout属性。简而言之，它看起来像这样：

@event.listens_for(engine, "connect")
def receive_connect(dbapi_connection, connection_record):
    # This will throw:
    # pyodbc.OperationalError: ('HYT00', '[HYT00] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server]Query timeout expired (0) (SQLExecDirectW)')
    dbapi_connection.timeout = 5
    # dbapi_connection.timeout = 20 # Succeeds

一个更完整的例子如下：

import datetime
import os
import pandas as pd
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.engine import URL
from sqlalchemy import event

query_dict = {
    "driver": "ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server",
    "trustServerCertificate": "yes"
}

connection_str = URL.create(
    "mssql+pyodbc",
    username = os.environ["DB_USER"],
    password = os.environ["DB_PWD"],
    host = os.environ["DB_SERVER"],
    port = 1433,
    database = "msdb",
    query = query_dict,
)

print(f"Connection String: {connection_str}");
engine = create_engine(connection_str)

@event.listens_for(engine, "connect")
def receive_connect(dbapi_connection, connection_record):
    # # This will throw:
    # # pyodbc.OperationalError: ('HYT00', '[HYT00] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server]Query timeout expired (0) (SQLExecDirectW)')
    # dbapi_connection.timeout = 5
    dbapi_connection.timeout = 20 # Succeeds

with engine.begin() as conn:
    print(datetime.datetime.now())
    print(pd.read_sql("WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:15'; SELECT GETDATE() AS NOW", conn).to_string())
    print(datetime.datetime.now())