首先，运算符优先于 * 运算符，（）运算符优先于其他所有运算符。
第二，如果你没有把数字运算符赋给任何东西，那么数字运算符和数字运算符是一样的。不同之处在于number返回number，然后递增number，而number先递增，然后返回它。
第三，通过增加一个指针的值，你增加了它的内容的大小，也就是说，你增加它就像你在一个数组中迭代一样。
总结一下

ptr++;    // Pointer moves to the next int position (as if it was an array)
++ptr;    // Pointer moves to the next int position (as if it was an array)
++*ptr;   // The value pointed at by ptr is incremented
++(*ptr); // The value pointed at by ptr is incremented
++*(ptr); // The value pointed at by ptr is incremented
*ptr++;   // Pointer moves to the next int position (as if it was an array). But returns the old content
(*ptr)++; // The value pointed at by ptr is incremented
*(ptr)++; // Pointer moves to the next int position (as if it was an array). But returns the old content
*++ptr;   // Pointer moves to the next int position, and then get's accessed, with your code, segfault
*(++ptr); // Pointer moves to the next int position, and then get's accessed, with your code, segfault

因为这里有很多案例，我可能犯了一些错误，如果我错了，请纠正我。
编辑：
所以我错了，优先级比我写的要复杂一点，在这里查看：http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/operator_precedence

检查了程序，结果是，

p++;    // use it then move to next int position
++p;    // move to next int and then use it
++*p;   // increments the value by 1 then use it 
++(*p); // increments the value by 1 then use it
++*(p); // increments the value by 1 then use it
*p++;   // use the value of p then moves to next position
(*p)++; // use the value of p then increment the value
*(p)++; // use the value of p then moves to next position
*++p;   // moves to the next int location then use that value
*(++p); // moves to next location then use that value

下面是各种“直接打印”建议的示例。我觉得这很有教育意义。

#include "stdio.h"

int main() {
    static int x = 5;
    static int *p = &x;
    printf("(int) p   => %d\n",(int) p);
    printf("(int) p++ => %d\n",(int) p++);
    x = 5; p = &x;
    printf("(int) ++p => %d\n",(int) ++p);
    x = 5; p = &x;
    printf("++*p      => %d\n",++*p);
    x = 5; p = &x;
    printf("++(*p)    => %d\n",++(*p));
    x = 5; p = &x;
    printf("++*(p)    => %d\n",++*(p));
    x = 5; p = &x;
    printf("*p++      => %d\n",*p++);
    x = 5; p = &x;
    printf("(*p)++    => %d\n",(*p)++);
    x = 5; p = &x;
    printf("*(p)++    => %d\n",*(p)++);
    x = 5; p = &x;
    printf("*++p      => %d\n",*++p);
    x = 5; p = &x;
    printf("*(++p)    => %d\n",*(++p));
    return 0;
}

它回来了

(int) p   => 256688152
(int) p++ => 256688152
(int) ++p => 256688156
++*p      => 6
++(*p)    => 6
++*(p)    => 6
*p++      => 5
(*p)++    => 5
*(p)++    => 5
*++p      => 0
*(++p)    => 0

我将指针地址转换为int s，以便可以轻松比较它们。
我用GCC编译的。

关于 “如何增加指针地址和指针的值？“ 我认为++(*p++);实际上定义得很好，并且可以满足您的要求，例如：

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
  int a = 100;
  int *p = &a;
  printf("%p\n",(void*)p);
  ++(*p++);
  printf("%p\n",(void*)p);
  printf("%d\n",a);
  return 0;
}

它不是在一个序列点之前修改同一个东西两次。我不认为这是一个很好的风格，虽然对大多数用途-这是一个有点太神秘，我喜欢。

Note:
        1) Both ++ and * have same precedence(priority), so the associativity comes into picture.
        2) in this case Associativity is from **Right-Left**

        important table to remember in case of pointers and arrays: 

        operators           precedence        associativity

    1)  () , []                1               left-right
    2)  *  , identifier        2               right-left
    3)  <data type>            3               ----------

        let me give an example, this might help;

        char **str;
        str = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char*)*2); // allocate mem for 2 char*
        str[0]=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*10); // allocate mem for 10 char
        str[1]=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*10); // allocate mem for 10 char

        strcpy(str[0],"abcd");  // assigning value
        strcpy(str[1],"efgh");  // assigning value

        while(*str)
        {
            cout<<*str<<endl;   // printing the string
            *str++;             // incrementing the address(pointer)
                                // check above about the prcedence and associativity
        }
        free(str[0]);
        free(str[1]);
        free(str);