在Ruby中同时使用位置参数和关键字参数的行为是什么？

7lrncoxx 于 2023-06-29 发布在 Ruby

关注(0)|答案(3)|浏览(187)

Ruby 2.0支持关键字参数。我想知道，混合使用常规参数和关键字参数的“规则”是什么？这样的事情是行不通的：

def some_method(a: 'first', b: 'second', c)
  [a, b, c]
end

但这将：

def some_method(c, a: 'first', b: 'second')
  [a, b, c]
end

那么，为什么将位置参数放在关键字参数之前（而不是之后）有效呢？
网上有没有关于这个的参考资料（混合关键字和位置参数）？我还没找到

ruby

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20633412/what-is-the-behavior-when-using-both-positional-and-keyword-arguments-in-ruby

3条答案

按热度按时间

t3irkdon1#

顺序如下：

必需变元
带默认值的参数（arg=default_value表示法）
可选参数（*args符号，有时称为“splat参数”）
再次要求参数
关键字参数
可选（arg:default_value表示法，自2.0.0起）
与required混合（arg:表示法，自2.1.0起）
任意关键字参数（**args表示法，自2.0.0起）
块参数（&blk表示法）

例如：

def test(a, b=0, *c, d, e:1, f:, **g, &blk)
  puts "a = #{a}"
  puts "b = #{b}"
  puts "c = #{c}"
  puts "d = #{d}"
  puts "e = #{e}"
  puts "f = #{f}"
  puts "g = #{g}"
  puts "blk = #{blk}"
end

test(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, e:6, f:7, foo:'bar') { puts 'foo' }
# a = 1
# b = 2
# c = [3, 4]
# d = 5
# e = 6
# f = 7
# g = {:foo=>"bar"}
# blk = #<Proc:0x007fb818ba3808@(irb):24>

更多的详细信息可以从官方的Ruby语法文档中获得。

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u91tlkcl2#

Ruby中参数列表的伪正则表达式（这同样适用于方法，块和lambda字面量）是这样的：

mand* opt* splat? mand* (mand_kw | opt_kw)* ksplat? block?

下面是一个例子：

def foo(m1, m2, o1=:o1, o2=:o2, *splat, m3, m4, 
          ok1: :ok1, mk1:, mk2:, ok2: :ok2, **ksplat, &blk)
  Hash[local_variables.map {|var| [var, eval(var.to_s)] }]
end

method(:foo).arity
# => -5

method(:foo).parameters
# => [[:req, :m1], [:req, :m2], [:opt, :o1], [:opt, :o2], [:rest, :splat], 
#     [:req, :m3], [:req, :m4], [:keyreq, :mk1], [:keyreq, :mk2], 
#     [:key, :ok1], [:key, :ok2], [:keyrest, :ksplat], [:block, :blk]]

foo(1, 2, 3, 4)
# ArgumentError: missing keywords: mk1, mk2

foo(1, 2, 3, mk1: 4, mk2: 5)
# ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (3 for 4+)

foo(1, 2, 3, 4, mk1: 5, mk2: 6)
# => { m1: 1, m2: 2, o1: :o1, o2: :o2, splat: [], m3: 3, m4: 4, 
#      ok1: :ok1, mk1: 5, mk2: 6, ok2: :ok2, ksplat: {}, 
#      blk: nil }

foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, mk1: 6, mk2: 7)
# => { m1: 1, m2: 2, o1: 3, o2: :o2, splat: [], m3: 4, m4: 5, 
#      ok1: :ok1, mk1: 6, mk2: 7, ok2: :ok2, ksplat: {}, 
#      blk: nil }

foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, mk1: 7, mk2: 8)
# => { m1: 1, m2: 2, o1: 3, o2: 4, splat: [], m3: 5, m4: 6, 
#      ok1: :ok1, mk1: 7, mk2: 8, ok2: :ok2, ksplat: {}, 
#      blk: nil }

foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, mk1: 8, mk2: 9)
# => { m1: 1, m2: 2, o1: 3, o2: 4, splat: [5], m3: 6, m4: 7, 
#      ok1: :ok1, mk1: 8, mk2: 9, ok2: :ok2, ksplat: {}, 
#      blk: nil }

foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, mk1: 9, mk2: 10)
# => { m1: 1, m2: 2, o1: 3, o2: 4, splat: [5, 6], m3: 7, m4: 8, 
#      ok1: :ok1, mk1: 9, mk2: 10, ok2: :ok2, ksplat: {}, 
#      blk: nil }

foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ok1: 9, mk1: 10, mk2: 11)
# => { m1: 1, m2: 2, o1: 3, o2: 4, splat: [5, 6], m3: 7, m4: 8, 
#      ok1: 9, mk1: 10, mk2: 11, ok2: :ok2, ksplat: {}, 
#      blk: nil }

foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ok1: 9, mk1: 10, mk2: 11, ok2: 12)
# => { m1: 1, m2: 2, o1: 3, o2: 4, splat: [5, 6], m3: 7, m4: 8, 
#      ok1: 9, mk1: 10, mk2: 11, ok2: 12, ksplat: {}, 
#      blk: nil }

foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ok1: 9, mk1: 10, mk2: 11, ok2: 12, k3: 13)
# => { m1: 1, m2: 2, o1: 3, o2: 4, splat: [5, 6], m3: 7, m4: 8, 
#      ok1: 9, mk1: 10, mk2: 11, ok2: 12, ksplat: {k3: 13}, 
#      blk: nil }

foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 
      ok1: 9, mk1: 10, mk2: 11, ok2: 12, k3: 13, k4: 14)
# => { m1: 1, m2: 2, o1: 3, o2: 4, splat: [5, 6], m3: 7, m4: 8, 
#      ok1: 9, mk1: 10, mk2: 11, ok2: 12, ksplat: {k3: 13, k4: 14}, 
#      blk: nil }

foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 
      ok1: 9, ok2: 10, mk1: 11, mk2: 12, k3: 13, k4: 14) do 15 end
# => { m1: 1, m2: 2, o1: 3, o2: 4, splat: [5, 6], m3: 7, m4: 8, 
#      ok1: 9, mk1: 10, mk2: 11, ok2: 12, ksplat: {k3: 13, k4: 14}, 
#      blk: #<Proc:0xdeadbeefc00l42@(irb):15> }

[Note：强制关键字参数将在Ruby 2.1中引入，其余的都已经工作了。

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x4shl7ld3#

1.具有默认值和splat参数的参数必须组合在一起;