你没有在btn_maker代码中返回self.btn：

import tkinter as tk

class Btn_maker:
    def __init__(self, window):
        self.window = window
        self.num = 0
        self.matrix = [[], [], []]

    def btn_maker(self, cmd, x=1, y=1, padx=5, pady=5):
        btn = tk.Button(self.window, command=cmd, width=6, height=2)
        btn.grid(row=x, column=y, padx=padx, pady=pady)  # Grid the button directly
        return btn  # Return the created button

    def game_logic(self, btn, x, y):
        self.num += 1
        if self.num % 2 == 1:
            btn.config(text='X')
        else:
            btn.config(text='O')

window = tk.Tk()
frame1 = tk.Frame(window)
frame1.pack()
label = tk.Label(frame1, text='Game', fg='red', font=30)
label.pack()
frame2 = tk.Frame(window)
frame2.pack()
btn_instant = Btn_maker(frame2)
btn1 = btn_instant.btn_maker(lambda: btn_instant.game_logic(btn1, 1, 1), x=1, y=1)
btn2 = btn_instant.btn_maker(lambda: btn_instant.game_logic(btn2, 1, 2), x=1, y=2)
btn3 = btn_instant.btn_maker(lambda: btn_instant.game_logic(btn3, 1, 3), x=1, y=3)
btn4 = btn_instant.btn_maker(lambda: btn_instant.game_logic(btn4, 2, 1), x=2, y=1)
btn5 = btn_instant.btn_maker(lambda: btn_instant.game_logic(btn5, 2, 2), x=2, y=2)
btn6 = btn_instant.btn_maker(lambda: btn_instant.game_logic(btn6, 2, 3), x=2, y=3)
btn7 = btn_instant.btn_maker(lambda: btn_instant.game_logic(btn7, 3, 1), x=3, y=1)
btn8 = btn_instant.btn_maker(lambda: btn_instant.game_logic(btn8, 3, 2), x=3, y=2)
btn9 = btn_instant.btn_maker(lambda: btn_instant.game_logic(btn9, 3, 3), x=3, y=3)
window.geometry('200x300')
window.mainloop()

修复后，您的代码应该可以正常工作
结果：

def btn_maker(self, cmd, x=1, y=1, padx=5, pady=5):
    self.btn = tk.Button(self.window, command=cmd, width=6, height=2)
    self.btn_grid(self.btn, x, y, padx, pady) 
 def game_logic(self, x, y):
        btn = self.matrix[x-1][y-1]
        self.num += 1
        if self.num % 2 == 1:
            btn.config(text='X')
        else:
            btn.config(text='O')
 def btn_grid(self, btn, x, y, padx, pady):
    btn.grid(row=x, column=y, padx=padx, pady=pady)

更新这两个函数，然后尝试