这可以通过窗口函数来实现。
以下查询的结果与您的不同之处在于，从762490320到61441的付款在2014年4月到2014年6月期间有一个三个月的区块，该区块符合其他标准，然后在7月份被三次付款中断。

with lines as (
  select *, date_trunc('month', datum)::date as year_month,
         extract('day' from datum) as day_of_month
    from python_table
), double_taps as (
  select *, 
         count(*) 
           over (partition by account_receivable, account_payable, year_month)
           as monthly_count
    from lines
), consecutive_island_breaks as (
  select *, 
         case 
           when year_month - interval '1 month' = lag(year_month) over w then 0
           else 1
         end as new_group
    from double_taps
   where monthly_count = 1
  window w as (partition by account_receivable, account_payable order by datum) 
), islands as (
  select *,
         sum(new_group) over w as island_number
    from consecutive_island_breaks
  window w as (partition by account_receivable, account_payable 
                   order by datum)
), island_sizes as (
  select *,
         count(*) over w as island_size,
         max(day_of_month) over w - min(day_of_month) over w as day_range
    from islands
  window w as (partition by account_receivable, account_payable, island_number)
)
select * 
  from island_sizes
 where island_size >= 3
   and day_range <= 5;

字符串
Working fiddle

first_value(datum) OVER (PARTITION BY account_receivable,
        account_payable ORDER BY datum) AS first_datum

字符串
解决了“天数间隔必须从组的最低日起最大为5（连续月份）”的问题。

count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY  
 account_receivable,account_payable,date_trunc('month', datum)) AS cnt_txn_mon,

型
解决“同一个月不能发送超过1笔交易，否则我不想显示此交易”
“我只需要至少连续3个月的记录”：
表示count of（lead（date_trunc（'month '，datum），1）= date_trunc（'month'，datum）+ interval '1 month' is true）>= 2。
演示：https://dbfiddle.uk/uwXO0tDe
查询：

WITH cte AS 
(
    SELECT
        datum,
        account_receivable,
        account_payable,
        /* for the consective month computation */
        coalesce(lead(date_trunc('month', datum)::date, 1) 
            OVER (PARTITION BY account_receivable, account_payable ORDER BY datum)
            ,date_trunc('month', datum)::date) 
        = (date_trunc('month', datum) + interval '1 month')::date AS is_next_month,
        /*for max 1 txns*/
        count(*) OVER (
            PARTITION BY account_receivable,account_payable,date_trunc('month', datum)) AS cnt_txn_mon,
        /*for maximum 5 from the lowest day of group*/
        first_value(datum) OVER (
                PARTITION BY account_receivable,account_payable ORDER BY datum) AS first_datum
    FROM  python_table
),cte1 AS 
(
    SELECT
        datum,
        account_receivable,
        account_payable,
        cnt_txn_mon,
        /*ignore date order, means in a group, there is a 3 consective month is fine */
        count(is_next_month) FILTER (WHERE is_next_month) OVER (PARTITION BY account_receivable,
            account_payable) AS cnt_mon_gaps,
        /*for maximum 5 from the lowest day of group*/
        abs(date_trunc('month', first_datum)::date - first_datum) <= 5
        OR abs((date_trunc('month', first_datum) + interval '1 month')::date - first_datum) <= 5 AS date_near_month
    FROM    cte        
    WHERE   cnt_txn_mon = 1
        
)
SELECT *
FROM      cte1
WHERE     cnt_mon_gaps >= 2 AND date_near_month
ORDER BY  account_payable,datum;

型