Visual Studio C++项目不支持通配符。
https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/t/project-item-capture-by-wildcard-is-broken/1030344
您可以使用一个简单的脚本并将结果复制到Project Property > Configuration Properties > C/C++ > General > Additional Include Directories
PowerShell：

$result = Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Path\To\My\Project\**\inc" -Directory | ForEach-Object { $_.FullName }
$resultString = $result -join ";"
Write-Host $resultString

字符串