一种可能性是跳过标题行并显式添加它们：

from io import StringIO

import pandas as pd
import requests

def download_data():
    url = "https://www.nseindia.com/api/equity-stockIndices?csv=true&index=NIFTY%2050"
    headers = {"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36"}

    with requests.Session() as request:
        request.get(url="https://www.nseindia.com/market-data/live-equity-market", headers=headers)
        response = request.get(url=url, headers=headers)
    if response.status_code != 200:
        print(response.raise_for_status())

    df = pd.read_csv(filepath_or_buffer=StringIO(initial_value=response.text), skiprows=13, header=None,
                     names=["SYMBOL", "OPEN", "HIGH", "LOW", "PREV. CLOSE", "LTP",
                            "CHNG", "%CHNG", "VOLUME", "52W H", "52W L",
                            "30 D %CHNG", "365 D % CHNG", "TODAY"])
    df.to_csv(path_or_buf="/path/to/file/N50.csv", index=False)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    download_data()

你用文本编辑器看过数据了吗？resp.text似乎以一个BOM开始，标题的每个字段都以一个换行符结束。IMHO数据需要一些清理：

# ...

    // strip BOM:
    data_79 = re.sub(r'\A[^"]+"', '"', resp.text, 1)

    // strip unwanted linefeeds:
    data_79 = re.sub(r'([^"])\n', '\\1', data_79)

    // save the data in a file
    with open('___N50__.csv', 'w', newline='') as file:
        file.write(data_79)

如果你访问的url有一个有效的CSV文件，那么你可以直接将csv读取到pandas dataframe中，然后保存到本地机器，如下所示：

import pandas as pd
import io
import requests
url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cs109/2014_data/master/countries.csv"
s=requests.get(url).content
c=pd.read_csv(io.StringIO(s.decode('utf-8')))
c.to_csv(r"C:\users\123\Downloads\countries.csv")