python MultiQC蛇饼 Package ：No module named 'footer'

我在snakemake管道中运行FastQC和MultiQC：

rule fastqc:
    input:
        "reads/{sample}_trimmed.fq.gz"
    output:
        html="qc/fastqc/{sample}.html",
        zip="qc/fastqc/{sample}_fastqc.zip" # the suffix _fastqc.zip is necessary for multiqc to find the file
    params:
        extra = "--quiet"
    log:
        "logs/fastqc/{sample}.log"
    threads: config["resources"]["fastqc"]["cpu"]
    resources:
        runtime=config["resources"]["fastqc"]["time"]
    wrapper:
        "v1.31.1/bio/fastqc"

rule multiqc:
    input:
        expand("qc/fastqc/{sample}_fastqc.zip", sample=SAMPLES)
    output:
        report("qc/multiqc.html", caption="workflow/report/multiqc.rst", category="MultiQC analysis of fastq files")
    params:
        extra="",  # Optional: extra parameters for multiqc.
        use_input_files_only=True, # Optional, use only a.txt and don't search folder samtools_stats for files
    resources:
        runtime=config["resources"]["fastqc"]["time"]
    log:
        "logs/multiqc/multiqc.log"
    wrapper:
        "v1.31.1/bio/multiqc"

fastqc规则运行时没有任何问题，但multiqc失败：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/mnt/4TB_SSD/analyses/CRISPR/test/.snakemake/conda/db6c33339e73e6beea68618300022717_/bin/multiqc", line 6, in <module>
    from multiqc.__main__ import run_multiqc
  File "/mnt/4TB_SSD/analyses/CRISPR/test/.snakemake/conda/db6c33339e73e6beea68618300022717_/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multiqc/__init__.py", line 16, in <module>
    from .multiqc import run
  File "/mnt/4TB_SSD/analyses/CRISPR/test/.snakemake/conda/db6c33339e73e6beea68618300022717_/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multiqc/multiqc.py", line 30, in <module>
    from .plots import table
  File "/mnt/4TB_SSD/analyses/CRISPR/test/.snakemake/conda/db6c33339e73e6beea68618300022717_/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multiqc/plots/table.py", line 9, in <module>
    from multiqc.plots import beeswarm, table_object
  File "/mnt/4TB_SSD/analyses/CRISPR/test/.snakemake/conda/db6c33339e73e6beea68618300022717_/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multiqc/plots/beeswarm.py", line 8, in <module>
    from multiqc.plots import table_object
  File "/mnt/4TB_SSD/analyses/CRISPR/test/.snakemake/conda/db6c33339e73e6beea68618300022717_/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multiqc/plots/table_object.py", line 9, in <module>
    from multiqc.utils import config, report
  File "/mnt/4TB_SSD/analyses/CRISPR/test/.snakemake/conda/db6c33339e73e6beea68618300022717_/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multiqc/utils/report.py", line 18, in <module>
    import lzstring
  File "/mnt/4TB_SSD/analyses/CRISPR/test/.snakemake/conda/db6c33339e73e6beea68618300022717_/lib/python3.12/site-packages/lzstring/__init__.py", line 11, in <module>
    from future import standard_library
  File "/mnt/4TB_SSD/analyses/CRISPR/test/.snakemake/conda/db6c33339e73e6beea68618300022717_/lib/python3.12/site-packages/future/standard_library/__init__.py", line 65, in <module>
    import imp
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'imp'

使用更高版本的 Package 器（v2.6.0）也会出现同样的错误。multiqc规则以前也有效，所以我不明白为什么突然找不到imp。
为multiqc Package 器创建conda env的yaml文件：

channels:
  - conda-forge
  - bioconda
  - nodefaults
dependencies:
  - multiqc =1.16

快速的互联网搜索告诉我，"The imp module includes functions that expose part of the underlying implementation of Python’s import mechanism for loading code in packages and modules"，在我看来已经是Python的一部分？

imp模块是deprecated in favor of importlib, and removed from the standard library since python version 3.12.0。因此，根据您的program-call/conda-environment使用的python版本，您将遇到ModuleNotFoundError错误。
一个快速的解决方法可以是简单地在<3.12.0的版本上修复所使用的Python。
我是这样做的：

multiqc_env.yaml

name: multiqc_env
channels:
  - bioconda
  - conda-forge
  - default
dependencies:
  - python<3.12
  - multiqc

multiqc.smk

rule run_multiqc:
  input: 
    some_input_file
  output:
    some_output_file
  params:
    extra="-d",
    output_dir=lambda wildcards, output: os.path.dirname(output[0]),
    output_file_name=lambda wildcards, output: os.path.basename(output[0]),
    input_directories=lambda wildcards, input: set(os.path.dirname(fp) for fp in input)
  log:
    ...
  conda:
    "multiqc_env.yaml"
  shell:
    "multiqc {params.extra} --force "
    "-o {params.output_dir} -n {params.output_file_name} "
    "{params.input_directories} &> {log}"

在我的例子中，Conda安装了一个python version=3.11.6，这使得MultiQC再次运行。
希望这对你有帮助：）

python MultiQC蛇饼 Package ：No module named 'footer'

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