你有没有从你的jenkins服务器上查看过代码片段生成器？地址应该是http://jenkinshost/pipeline-syntax/。
这将帮助您了解可用的选项（也基于安装的插件），在这里您可以找到Sample Step: properties: Set job properties并选中Do not allow concurrent builds框。点击按钮Generate pipeline script，您应该生成一个如何在脚本管道作业中使用它的示例：

properties([
        buildDiscarder(
                logRotator(
                        artifactDaysToKeepStr: '', 
                        artifactNumToKeepStr: '', 
                        daysToKeepStr: '', 
                        numToKeepStr: '')
        ), 
        disableConcurrentBuilds()
])

你能试试看能不能用吗？
你可以在你的Jenkins文件中的Node后面嵌入属性部分：

node {
    properties([
            buildDiscarder(
                    logRotator(..........same snippet as above..

我也遇到过同样的问题。我使用JOB DSL插件来生成我的Jenkins作业，对于管道，我必须修改生成的XML。

static void DisableConcurrentBuilds(context) {
    context.with {
        configure {
            def jobPropertyDescriptors = it / 'actions' / 'org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.multibranch.JobPropertyTrackerAction' / 'jobPropertyDescriptors'
            jobPropertyDescriptors << {
                string('org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.job.properties.DisableConcurrentBuildsJobProperty')
            }
            def properties = it / 'properties' << 'org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.job.properties.DisableConcurrentBuildsJobProperty' {}
        }
    }
}

使用方法：

pipelineJob('example') {
    DisableConcurrentBuilds(delegate)
    definition {
        cps {
            script(readFileFromWorkspace('project-a-workflow.groovy'))
            sandbox()
        }
    }
}

由于DisableConcurrentBuilds，以下条目将添加到管道作业配置中：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><flow-definition>
    <actions>
        <org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.multibranch.JobPropertyTrackerAction>
            <jobPropertyDescriptors>
                <string>org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.job.properties.DisableConcurrentBuildsJobProperty</string>
            </jobPropertyDescriptors>
        </org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.multibranch.JobPropertyTrackerAction>
    </actions>
    <properties>
        <org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.job.properties.DisableConcurrentBuildsJobProperty/>
    </properties>
    ...
</flow-definition>

你可以这样使用

node {
    // This limits build concurrency to 1 per branch
    properties([disableConcurrentBuilds()])
  
    //do stuff
    ...
}