试试这样的方法：

var
  Path, PathName: string;
  Folder: TShellFolder;
  I: Integer;
begin
  Path := IncludeTrailingPathDelimiter(List.RootFolder.PathName) + 'New Folder';
  if not CreateDir(Path) then Exit;
  List.Refresh;
  for I := 0 to List.Items.Count-1 do
  begin
    Folder := List.Folders[I];
    if (Folder <> nil) and (Folder.PathName = Path) then
    begin
      List.Items[I].EditCaption;
      Exit;
    end;
  end;
end;

或者：

var
  Path: string;
  Item: TListItem;
begin
  Path := IncludeTrailingPathDelimiter(List.RootFolder.PathName) + 'New Folder';
  if not CreateDir(Path) then Exit;
  List.Refresh;
  Item := List.FindCaption(0, 'New Folder', False, True, False);
  if Item <> nil then
    Item.EditCaption;
end;

我找到了一个解决办法：

MkDir(List.RootFolder.PathName+'\New Folder');
List.Update;
List.ItemIndex:=0;
List.HideSelection:=True;
while List.ItemIndex<List.Items.Count-1 do
begin
  // Find the New Folder 
  if List.SelectedFolder.PathName=(List.RootFolder.PathName+ '\New Folder') then
  begin
    //Set the Folder in Edit mode & exit the loop
    List.Items[List.ItemIndex].EditCaption;
    Exit;
  end
  else
    //Inc the Index
    List.ItemIndex := List.ItemIndex+1;
end;
List.HideSelection:=False;