IIUC，对齐广播的轴，然后使用转置将轴移动到所需的输出形状。

import numpy as np

M, N, P, Q = 2, 3, 4, 5
X = np.arange(M * N).reshape(M, N)
Y = np.arange(P * N * Q).reshape(P, N, Q)

# X: (1, M, N, 1)
# Y: (P, 1, N, Q)
# =============== Broadcast
# Z: (P, M, N, Q)
Z = X[None, :, :, None] + Y[:, None, :, :]

# Transpose the output array to achieve
# Z: (Q, N, M, P)
Z = Z.T

# Or alternatively do the transposing of X and Y first, then align axes.