Wikitext相当复杂，不应该单独使用正则表达式进行解析。相反，使用一个成熟的解析器，比如mwparserfromhell：

import mwparserfromhell as mph

def get_links_outside_of_templates(text):
  tree = mph.parse(text)
  # Lazily filter out all top-level links
  links = tree.ifilter_wikilinks(recursive = False)
    
  for link in links:
    if link.title.startswith('File'):
      # If this is a File link, recursively parse its "text".
      yield from get_links_outside_of_templates(link.text)
    else:
      yield link.title

print([*get_links_outside_of_templates(text)])

对于以下wikitext（部分由ChatGPT生成）：

'''Squatting''' may refer to [[Squatting|squat]], the act of occupying an abandoned or unused property without legal permission.

== Foo ==

[[File:Jarach and Zerzan.JPG|thumb|Lawrence Jarach (left) and [[John Zerzan]] (right)]]

Lorem ipsum dolor sit [[amet]], consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum interdum, neque nec aliquet venenatis, tortor erat commodo nulla, id imperdiet mi urna eget nunc.

== References ==
* {{cite book
  |last=Avrich |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Avrich
  |title=[[Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America]]
  |year=1996 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]
  |isbn=978-0-691-04494-1
  }}

[[:Category:Anarchism by country|Anarchism by country]]

.它输出：

['Squatting', 'John Zerzan', 'amet', ':Category:Anarchism by country']

不幸的是，mwparserfromhelldoesn't recognize namespaces，所以如果你要使用它，你必须自己检查File链接。我在上面的函数中使用了一个粗略的.startswith('File')，但是你可能想做一个更好的检查，因为命名空间名称是不区分大小写的：file和fIlE都是有效的，与File的含义相同。