你可以使用{plot.matrix}：

x = read.table(text = "        Col1    Col2    Col3    Col4    Col5    Col6
Col1    0       0       0       0       0       0
Col2    0       0       0       0       0       0
Col3    0      -2       3       1       1       1
Col4    0      -2       3       1       1       1
Col5    0       0       0       0       0       0
Col6    0      -2       3       1       1       1", header = TRUE)
  
library("plot.matrix")
plot(as.matrix(x), main = "My coloured matrix",
     col = c("yellow", "grey", "lightblue", "lightgreen"), 
     key = NULL, digits = 0L, text.cell = list(cex = 1.5))

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有关详细信息，请参阅文档和vignette。