就我对问题的理解。这是解决方案，

class Bakery
  attr_accessor :name, :pastries

  def initialize(name, pastries)
    @name = name
    @pastries = pastries
  end

  def order_value
    pastries.sum { |_, values| values[:pastry].nil? ? 0 : values[:pastry] * values[:discount] }
  end

  def self.order(*bakeries)
    bakeries.max_by(&:order_value)
  end
end

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示例

bakery1 = Bakery.new("Bakery1", { pastry1: { pastry: 100, discount: 10 },pastry2: { pastry: 50, discount: 20 } })
bakery2 = Bakery.new("Bakery2", { pastry1: { pastry: 10, discount: 40 } })
bakery3 = Bakery.new("Bakery3", { pastry1: { pastry: 10, discount: 20 } })

highest_order_bakery = Bakery.order(bakery1, bakery2, bakery3)

puts "#{highest_order_bakery.name}: #{highest_order_bakery.order_value} order value"

highest_order_bakery.pastries.sort_by { |_, values| -values[:discount] }.each do |pastry, values|
 puts "  #{pastry}: #{values[:discount]}% discount"
end

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我将使用sort_by代替order，并创建了一个示例方法来计算可用的糕点

class Bakery
 # method to calculate pastery availability
 def pastery_count
   count = 0
   self.pastery.each do |ps|
     count = count + ps.count.to_i * ps.discount.to_i
   end

   count
 end
end

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然后调用sort_by

Bakery.sort_by{|br| br.pastery_count}

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您也可以将合并与where子句结合使用

Bakery.where(...).sort_by{|br| br.pastery_count}

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