首先使用DataFrame构造函数和split：

df = pd.DataFrame([x.split('_') for x in l1], columns=['Column1', 'Column2', 'Column3'])
print (df)
  Column1 Column2 Column3
0     foo    qwe1    ert1
1     bar    qwe2    ert2
2     baz    qwe3    ert3

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然后通过从最后一列中提取最后一个整数来改变array的顺序：

df.index = df['Column3'].str.extract('(\d+)$', expand=False).astype(int)
df = df.loc[array].reset_index(drop=True)
print (df)
  Column1 Column2 Column3
0     foo    qwe1    ert1
1     baz    qwe3    ert3
2     bar    qwe2    ert2

型
编辑：

array = np.array([1, 3, 2])
l1 = ['foo_qwe1_ert1', 'bar_qwe2_ert2', 'baz_qwe3_ert3'] 

L = [x.split('_') for x in l1]
a, b, c = L[0]
b = b.replace('1','')
c = c.replace('1','')
print (b, c)
qwe ert

out = [(y[0], f'{b}{x}', f'{c}{x}') for x, y in zip(array, L)]
print (out)
[('foo', 'qwe1', 'ert1'), ('bar', 'qwe3', 'ert3'), ('baz', 'qwe2', 'ert2')]

型
或者：

out = [(y[0], f'qwe{x}', f'ert{x}') for x, y in zip(array, L)]
print (out)
[('foo', 'qwe1', 'ert1'), ('bar', 'qwe3', 'ert3'), ('baz', 'qwe2', 'ert2')]

df = pd.DataFrame(out, columns=['Column1', 'Column2', 'Column3'])
print (df)
  Column1 Column2 Column3
0     foo    qwe1    ert1
1     bar    qwe3    ert3
2     baz    qwe2    ert2

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