您可以通过显式调用AddConsole（由AddJsonConsole内部调用）来配置ConsoleLoggerOptions.LogToStandardErrorThreshold：

builder.Logging.AddConsole(o => o.LogToStandardErrorThreshold = LogLevel.Error);
builder.Logging.AddJsonConsole(...);

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或者通过显式configure调用：

builder.Logging.AddJsonConsole(...);
builder.Services.Configure<ConsoleLoggerOptions>(
    o => o.LogToStandardErrorThreshold = LogLevel.Warning);

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此外，它应该是可管理的配置：

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information"
    },
    "Console": {
      "LogToStandardErrorThreshold": "Error",
      "FormatterName": "json",
      "FormatterOptions": {
        "JsonWriterOptions": {
          "Indented": true
        },
        "IncludeScopes": false,
        "TimestampFormat": "HH:mm:ss "
      }
    }
  }
}

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你也可以看看Serilog，它也支持通过standardErrorFromLevel设置将错误重定向到stderr-例如this github issue。
小演示（用于控制台应用程序）：

var services = new ServiceCollection();

services.AddLogging(lb => lb.AddJsonConsole());
services.Configure<ConsoleLoggerOptions>(
    o => o.LogToStandardErrorThreshold = LogLevel.Error);

StringWriter stdErrCapture = new();
Console.SetError(stdErrCapture);

var sp = services.BuildServiceProvider();
var requiredService = sp.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();
requiredService.LogError("Test");
sp.Dispose(); // dispose to wait for async write from the log queue

var capturedStdErr = stdErrCapture.ToString();
Console.WriteLine(capturedStdErr);

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