TypeScript Version: 2.4.0
Code

// A *self-contained* demonstration of the problem follows...
interface SQLQuery<TResult> {
  __result: TResult;
} 
declare function sql(
  literals: ['SELECT id FROM users'],
  ...placeholders: any[]
): SQLQuery<{id: number}>;

declare function querySync<TResult>(q: SQLQuery<TResult>): Array<TResult>;

const values: Array<{id: number}> = querySync(sql`SELECT id FROM users`);

Expected behavior:

Typescript should see that the input string 'SELECT id FROM users' matches the expected literals of ['SELECT id FROM users'] and use the declared function, allowing me to generate an overloaded version of the sql function for each query.

Actual behavior:

I get the error:
src/index.ts(23,50): error TS2345: Argument of type 'TemplateStringsArray' is not assignable to parameter of type '["SELECT id FROM users"]'.
Property '0' is missing in type 'TemplateStringsArray'.